Ўзбекистон республикаси олий ва ўрта махсус таълим вазирлиги ўзбекистон давлат жаҳон тиллари университети

B. Study how the speech sounds are formed.

The Formation of Speech Sounds

Speech sounds are produced with the help of air coming from the lungs. The stream of air passes from the lungs into the windpipe. If the air stream passing through the glottis makes the vocal cords vibrate, the voiced sounds are produced. If the vocal cords are not in vibration while the air stream passing through the glottis, the voiceless sounds are produced.

After passing through the glottis the air stream comes into the pharynx. From the pharynx the air stream may pass through the mouth cavity or through the nasal cavity depending on the position of the soft palate. If the soft palate is raised, the way into the nasal cavity is blocked and the air stream passes through the mouth cavity. Speech sounds produced with the air stream passing through the mouth cavity are called oral sounds. If the soft palate is lowered, the way into the nasal cavity is open and the air stream passes through the nasal cavity. Speech sounds produced with the air stream passing through the nasal cavity are called nasal sounds.

If speech sounds are produced with some kind of obstruction in the mouth cavity, they are called consonants. If speech sounds are produced without any obstruction in the mouth cavity, they are called vowels.

The obstruction may be: complete, or incomplete

If the obstruction is complete, the air passage is blocked fully and the plosive consonants ( like p, b, t, d, k, g ) are produced. If the obstruction is incomplete, the air passage is not blocked fully and the fricative consonants (s, z, f, v, ɜ, ʃ ) are produced.