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SUMMARY
My dissertation devoted to learning A. Fitrat’s literary works by foreign
scholars. We know that Abdarauf Fitrat (1886–1938), Bukharin writer, educator,
social activist. Abdalrauf Fitrat was born in 1886 in the emirate of Bukhara to a
merchant family, and little is known of his early years. As a young student he
attended the Mir-I Arab
madrasah
(Islamic school) until 1909, when he received a
scholarship to continue his education in Constantinople. He spent five years there
and traveled broadly throughout the Ottoman empire, Iran, and Xinjiang, China. In
1911, he published his well-known and popular
Bayanat-I sayyah-I hindi
(Tales of
an Indian Traveler) in Persian. It was published in Samarqand in Russian in 1914.
The novel denounces Bukhara's poverty-ridden conditions and the corrupt
practices of many Islamic clerics and teachers. It challenges the emirate's social
order, which was a common theme in his professional and social activities. In
1917, Fitrat was elected secretary of the
jadidist-
(new method) influenced Young
Bukharan Party, which seized power in Bukhara during the Russian Civil War.
Following the Bolshevik victory, he became the minister for education in the
newly established Soviet republic. He is credited with revising the educational
system and helping to establish a European-style university in Tashkent,
Uzbekistan. In 1923, he was removed from office after being accused of bourgeois
nationalism. He was arrested in 1938 and executed during the Stalinist party
purges.
After gaining independence of Uzbekistan in 1991 some foreign scientists
learned Jadid poets and writers life and their literature. Some of writers translated
poems and other works into several languages as well as into English language.
They paid great attention to Uzbek writer Abdurauf Fitrat in their works. They are:
1. Allworth, Edward. (1990)
The Modern Uzbeks from the Fourteenth
Century to the Present: A Cultural History.
Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution.
2. Carrere d'Encausse, Helene. (1988)
Islam and the Russian
Empire:
Reform and Revolution in Central Asia.
Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of
California Press.
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3. Khalid, Adeeb. (1998)
The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform:
Jadidism
in Central Asia.
Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
4. “Osman Khoja and the Origins of Jadidism in Bukhara,” in Reforms &
Revolutions in Turkistan: 1900--1924: A Memorial Volume for Osman Khoja, ed.
Timur Kocaolu. (Haarlem, 2000).
5. Abdurrauf] Fitrat Bukharayi,
Munazara[-yi] Mudarris-i Bukharayi ba yak
Nafar Farangi dar Hindustan dar barah-yi Makatib-i Jadida {Debate between a
Teacher from Bukhara and a European in India about New Schools)
(Istanbul,
Ottoman Empire: Matba'a-i Islamiyya-i Hikmat, 1911-1912), pp. 30-53.
Translation from Persian by William L. Hanaway. Introduction'by Adeeb Knalid.
6. Hisao Komatsu,
Kakumei no Chuo Ajia: aru Jadiido no shozo
(Revolutionary Central Asia: Portrait of a Jadid)
(Tokyo, Japan: Tokyo University
Press, 1996);
7. Stephane A. Dudoignon, "La question scolaire a Boukhara et au Turkestan
russe" (The Education Question in Bukhara and Russian Turkistan),
Cahiers du
monde russe (Annals of the Russian World),
volume 37, 1996, pp. 133-210;
8. Edward A. Allworth.
The Preoccupations of 'Abdal-rauf Fitrat, Bukharan
Nonconformist: An Analysis and List of His Writings
(Berlin. Germany: Das
Arabische Buch, 2000)
Besides this Edward A. Allworth, Ph.D. (1959) Columbia University, in
Slavic and Turkic languages and literature, is Emeritus Professor of Turko-Soviet
Studies, Columbia University. He has written fourteen books and published more
than 100 articles about cultural or ethnic politics in Central Asia, the former USSR
and the Middle East. The most recent of these books are Devolution in Central
Asia, 1990-2000 (2002) and Evading Reality. The Devices of Abdalrauf Fitrat,
Modern Central Asian Reformist (2002
Of course Fitrat was a modern body of literature emerged from Bukhara in
the late 19th and early 20th centuries, most notably with the works of Abdurauf
Fitrat. A dramatist and teacher who also became active in nationalist politics, Fitrat
wrote poems, tracts, dramas, and scholarly books in both the Tajik and Uzbek
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languages. His early work, including Munozira (Dispute, 1909) and Bayonoti
sayyohi hindi (Statements of an Indian Traveler, 1911-1912), was concerned with
Islam in the modern world and social and political reforms.
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