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To be
To be
To give
Hozirgi zamon
O’tgan zamon
Hozirgi zamon
I be
I were
I give
He, she, it be
He, she, it were
He, she, it give
We be
We were
We give
You be
You were
You give
They be
They were
They give
Bu jadvaldagi be va were shakllari hozirgi va o’tgan zamon shakllari
hisoblanadi. Bu ikki xil shakl o’rtasidagi farq aslida zamonlar bilan bog’liq emas,
balki ular modallik ma’nosida farq qilmoqda. Chunki, be mumkin bo’lgan
harakatni ifodalasa, were esa real bo’lmagan, ikkilanilgan harakatni ifoda etadi.
O’zbek tilida maylning 5 turi mavjud: buyruq - istak mayli, shart mayli,
maqsad mayli, shartli mayl, ijro mayli.
1
Aniqlik mayli aniq harakatni ifodalab, har qanday zamon va nisbatda
ishlatilishi mumkin.
2
Masalan: I am reading an interesting book now.
This letter was written by my mother.
Buyruq mayli buyruq va talabni ifodalaydi. Masalan:
Read, please; Don’t read, please.
Let me go out; Don’t let me go out.
Shart mayli (The Subjunctive mood) noreal harakatni ifodalab, so’zlovchining
voqea–xodisaga bo’lgan his – hayajonli munosabatini ifodalashda ishlatiladi.
Masalan: He suggested that the discussion of the quistion be postponed.
If he were here, he would help us.
M. Ganishna shart maylini 3 ga bo’lish kerak degan fikrni bildirsa,
Barxudarov va Shtellinglar shart maylini 2 ga bo’lishadi.
1. Shart mayli (conditional);
2. Shartlangan mayl (conditioned).
1
Ўзбек тили грамматикаси . Том 1, Морфология. - Т.: Фан, 1966. – Б. 463.
2
Shevchenko M.A, Sitchinava E.Sh A manual in practical grammar. - Samarkand, 2004 . - P. 7.
Masalan: If he were you he would do it.
If he had done his work in time we should go to the theatre now.
O’zbek tilida esa shart mayli - sa qo’shimchasini va shaxs – son
qo’shimchalarini qo’shilishidan hosil bo’ladi. Masalan:
Sen ham ochilsang, shu xilda yayraysan, gulim.(Yashin)
Shaxs – son kategoriyasi. (The category of person and number) fe’l
shakllari paradigmasi vositasida harakat yoki jarayonning so’zlovchiga bo’lgan
munosabatini ko’rsatish shaxs kategoriyasi deyiladi.
Fe’lning shaxs kategoriyasi 2 ta shakl ya’ni, - (e)s qo’shimchasini olgan
shakl va - (e)s qo’shimchasini olmagan shakl orqali yasaladi. Masalan:
Write – writes; come – comes.
- (e)s qo’shimchasini olmagan shakl belgisiz shakl hisoblanib, I va II
shaxs birlik va ko’plikni, III shaxs ko’plikni anglatadi. - (e)s qo’shimchasini
olgan shakl belgili bo’lib, III shaxs birlikni ifodalaydi. Masalan:
I (we, you, they) come
He (she, it) comes
Hozirgi ingliz tilidagi fe’llarda shaxs kategoriyasi to’la
ko’rsatilmaganligi sababli, gapda kishilik olmoshlarining ishtirok etishi shart.
O’zbek tilida kishilik olmoshlarining ishtirokisiz ham fe’l shakllari
yordamida ish – harakatning qaysi shaxs tomonidan bajarilganligini bilib
olish mumkin, shuning uchun o’zbek tilidan ingliz tiliga tarjima qilganda
ingliz tilida albatta kishilik olmoshlari ishtirok etadi. Masalan:
(men) ishlayman – I work;
(u) o’qiydi – He (she, it ) studies;
(biz) uxlaymiz – We sleep;
Son kategoriyasi fe’l shakllari orqali eganing ko’plik yoki birlikda ekanligini
ko’rsatadi. Son kategoriyasi fe’llarning hozirgi zamon shakllarida birlikda,
ya’ni III shaxsda - (e)s suffiksi yordamida ifodalanadi. Masalan:
We speak - he speaks
O’zbek tilida esa shaxs – son ma’nolari fe’lga xos grammatik ma’nolar
bo’lib, bu ma’nolar bir-biriga qiyosan olinishi mumkin bo’lgan bir necha
shakllar orqali ifodalanadi.
3
Masalan:
keldim – I shaxs, kelding – II shaxs
Come here, Jim Crow!
Now, Jim, walk like old Uncle Cudjoe when he was the rheumatism!
Well, you will let me have the baby, though! Lor bless, ye, yes!
Well, call up this evening, between six and seven, and you will have my
answer!
Give way, George; go with him for the present! You needn't trouble yourself to
talk any longer! Look at Harry!
Do be careful - do, do - for my sake - for Harry's!
Don't do anything wicked; don't lay hands on yourself, or anybody else!
Let's enter the dwelling!
Well, then, Eliza, hear my plan!
Here you, Mose and Pete, get out de way, you niggers!
Get away! Now for the cake!
Here you, Mose, Pete!
Come Aunt Chloe, bake them some cakes!
Die on the field of battle!
Well, anyhow, Bill and Jerry gear right up!
Cotch him!
No, my darling, sleep if you want to! Well, take him into that room! And mind
yourself!
3
Ўзбек тили грамматикаси . Том 1, Морфология. - Т., 1966. – Б. 504.
___________________
"Uncle Toms Cabin" аsаridаn
Oh, Mr. Symmes - save me - do save me - do hideGood evening, mas'r! Tom, let
the door-knob alone! Don't pull the cat's tail! But, Mary, just listen to me! Don't
use that word!
Mary, Mary, my dear, let me reason with you! Don't be fear'd, Aunt Hagar! Put us
two up togedder, togedder - do please, mas'r!
Be off!
Buy me, too, mas'r! Come take her off, can't some of ye? Tom, you needn't get me
the horses! Come, cousin, don't stand there looking like one of the Fates!
Of course, you defend it! Come down here, cousin! See hear!
You mustn't answer me ine that way! t
Fetch water, and wash dishes, and rub knives and wait on folks!
Don't you tell that again!
Go bring them to me this minute, both of 'em!
Hush! Don't you say another word!
Don't be too sure!
Understand it or not!
You rascal; shut your mouth!
You don't need to tell me about a cough!
Never mind, Hummy!
Mаsаlаn, mening bitiruv ishimdа ishlаtilgаn Хerrit Bitcher Stouning «Tom
togаning ko`lbаsi» kitobidаn misol olib qаrаydigаn bo`lsаk, bu erdаn quyidаgi gаp
misol bo`lа olаdi:
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
