Учебное пособие Санкт-Петербург 2010

Unit 1. Foodservice Industry

- history of the industry development

• restaurant forecasting

• types of service

1. Match the words on the left with the correct definitions on the right:

1) sufficient a) possible or likely in the future

2) happen b) something that many people like

3) market c) ability to compete, survive, and be successful in

an independent way

4) philosophy d) a word or phrase used for referring to something

5) income e) as much as is needed

6) term f) money that someone gets from working or

investing money

7) popular g) to take place, usually without being planned

8) demand h) trade in goods or services of a particular kind

9) viability i) a system of principles the organization's operation

is based upon

10) potential g) the amount of a product or service that people

want

2. Read the text and translate it. While reading the text try to find answers to these questions:

1. What was a country, where first restaurants appeared?

2. What is the oldest true restaurant in existence today?

What is the history of this restaurant?

3. When and where did the term restaurant appear?

What was the first meaning of this term?

4. When and where did the first restaurants appeared in the USA?

5. What is the difference between American service and Russian

service?

Food catering establishments which may be described as restaurants were known since the 11th century in Kaifeng, China’s northern capital during the first half of the Song Dynasty (960–1279). With a population of over 1 million people, a culture of hospitality and a paper currency, Kaifeng was ripe for the development of restaurants. Probably growing out of the tea houses and taverns that catered to travellers, Kaifeng's restaurants blossomed into an industry catering to locals as well as people from other regions of China. Stephen H. West argues that there was a direct correlation between the growth of restaurant businesses and institutions of theatrical stage drama, gambling, and prostitution which served the burgeoning merchant middle class during the Song.

Restaurants catered to different styles of cuisine, price brackets, and religious requirements. Even within a single restaurant much choice was available, and people ordered the entree they wanted from written menus. An account from 1275 writes of Hangzhou, the capital city for the last half of the dynasty:

"The people of Hangzhou are very difficult to please. Hundreds of orders are given on all sides: this person wants something hot, another something cold, a third something tepid, a fourth something chilled; one wants cooked food, another raw, another chooses roast, another grill".

The restaurants in Hangzhou also catered to many northern Chinese who had fled south from Kaifeng during the Jurchen invasion of the 1120s, while it is also known that many restaurants were run by families formerly from Kaifeng.