How to Appraise Your
Organization’s Capabilities
and Disabilities
When managers assign employees to tackle a critical innovation, they instinctively work to match the
requirements of the job with the capabilities of the individuals whom they charge to do it. In evaluating
whether an employee is capable of successfully executing a job, managers will assess whether he or she
has the requisite knowledge, judgment, skill, perspective, and energy. Managers will also assess the
employee’s values—the criteria by which he or she tends to decide what should and shouldn’t be done.
Indeed, the hallmark of a great manager is the ability to identify the right person for the right job, and
to train his or her employees so that they have the capabilities to succeed at the jobs they are given.
Unfortunately, some managers don’t think as rigorously about whether their organizations have the
capability to successfully execute jobs that may be given to them. Frequently, they assume that if the
people working on a project individually have the requisite capabilities to get the job done well, then
the organization in which they work will also have the same capability to succeed. This often is not the
case. One could take two sets of identically capable people and put them to work in two different
organizations, and what they accomplish would likely be significantly different. This is because
organizations themselves, independent of the people and other resources in them, have capabilities. To
succeed consistently, good managers need to be skilled not just in choosing, training, and motivating
the right people for the right job, but in choosing, building, and preparing the right organization for the
job as well.
The purpose of this chapter is to describe the theory that lies behind the empirical observations made in
chapters 5, 6, and 7—in particular, the observation that the only companies that succeeded in
addressing disruptive technology were those that created independent organizations whose size
matched the size of the opportunity. The notion that organizations have “core competencies” has been a
popular one for much of the last decade.
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In practice, however, most managers have found that the
concept is sufficiently vague that some supposed “competence” can be cited in support of a
bewildering variety of innovation proposals. This chapter brings greater precision to the core
competence concept, by presenting a framework to help managers understand, when they are
confronted with a necessary change, whether the organizations over which they preside are competent
or incompetent of tackling the challenges that lie ahead.
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