The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate ad 661-750

particular venom being shown to the remains of Hisham. In various
places members of the Umayyad family were rounded up and killed,
only those who went into hiding escaping. One who did survive was
a grandson of Hisham who eventually made his way to Spain, found
support there and established an Umayyad dynasty which was to last
until the eleventh century. In Syria and the east, though, the first
dynasty of Islamic history was at an end.
20
Notes
1. The bibliography on the so-called ‘Abbasid revolution is relatively
extensive. In addition to what follows see H.Kennedy, 
Early Abbasid
caliphate;
 article “Abbasids’ in 
EI2;
 C.Cahen, ‘Points de vue’; T.Nagel,
Entstehung des abbasidischen Kalifates
.
2. See M.Sharon, ‘The ‘Abbasid 
da‘wa
 reexamined’; 
idem, Black
banners,
 especially 231–8; F.Omar, 
‘Abbasid caliphate,
 16 ff.; A.A.Duri,
Daw’ jadid
.
3. J.Wellhausen, 
Arab kingdom,
 397–491 (on the development of the
factions), 492–9; M.A.Shaban, ‘
Abbasid revolution,
 114–18; M.Sharon,
Black banners,
 65– 71.
4. J.Wellhausen, 
Arab kingdom,
 499–506; M.Sharon, 
Black banners,
54–65; article ‘Zayd b. ‘Ali’ in 
EI1;
 on ‘Abd Allah b. Mu‘awiya, see above,
pp. 99–101.
5. J.Wellhausen, 
Arab kingdom,
 477–82; D.C.Dennett, 
Conversion and
the poll tax,
 124 ff.; M.A.Shaban, 
‘Abbasid revolution,
 129–31.
6. On him, see above, pp. 86–8.
7. J.Wellhausen, 
Arab kingdom,
 482–91; M.A.Shaban, 
‘Abbasid
revolution,
 131–7.
8. Articles ‘al-‘Abbas b. ‘Abd al-Muttalib’ and “Abd Allah b. al-‘Abbas’
in 
EI2;
 M.Sharon, 
Black banners,
 93–9.
9. M.Sharon, 
Black banners,
 111–21.
10. Article “Abbasids’ in 
EI2;
 J.Wellhausen, 
Arab kingdom,
 501–6;
S.Moscati, ‘Il testamento di Abu Hasim’, 
RSO
 (1952); M.Sharon, 
Black
banners,
 121 ff.
11. M.A.Shaban, ‘
Abbasid revolution,
 138 ff.; M.Sharon, 
Black
banners,
 103– 51.
12. M.Sharon, 
Black banners,
 75–93.

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The Overthrow of the Umayyad Caliphate
119
13. J.Wellhausen, 
Arab kingdom,
 514–18; M.Sharon, 
Black banners,
165–73.
14. Wellhausen’s analysis of the ethnic composition of the Hashimiyya
movement seems more subtle than some recent writers have suggested: 
Arab
kingdom,
 494–8, 513–15, 534–6; cf. M.A.Shaban, 
‘Abbasid revolution,
155–8. The latter’s suggestion that Suqadim in the sources should be
amended to read 
taq
a
dum
 has not received much support.
15. J.Wellhausen, 
Arab kingdom,
 506–18; M.Sharon, 
Black banners,
155–73.
16. F.Omar, 
‘Abbasid caliphate,
 88–92; M.Sharon, 
Black banners,
 186–
200.
17. J.Wellhausen, 
Arab kingdom,
 518–22; R.N.Frye, ‘The role of Abu
Muslim’, 
MW,
 37 (1947); M.A.Shaban, 
‘Abbasid revolution,
 153–55;
M.Sharon, 
Black banners,
 203–26; article ‘Abu Muslim’ in 
EI2
.
18. J.Wellhausen, 
Arab kingdom,
 522–36.
19. Article ‘Kahtaba b. Shabib’ in 
EI2
.
20. On the victorious campaigns of the Hashimiyya armies, the
destruction of the Umayyad and establishment of the ‘Abbasid dynasties,
see J.Wellhausen, 
Arab kingdom,
 539–66.

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120
Appendix 1