The bukharan emirate and turkestan under russian rule in the revolutionary era: 1917-1924

 
 
 
148
Hatunoglu, Nurettin, 
Turkistan’da Son Turk Devleti Buhara Emirligi ve Alim Khan
, (Istanbul: 
Otuken Nesriyat A.S., 2011), 26 
149
Becker, Seymour, 
Russia’s Protectorates in Central Asia: Bukhara and Khiva, 1865–1924
, 
(London &New York: Routledge Curzon, 2005), 164. 

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CHAPTER 3 
 
REVOLUTIONARY ERA: FEBRUARY AND OCTOBER REVOLUTIONS 
 
 
In this chapter, I try to point out the stages, developments and conditions that 
prepared the traditional Bukharan society and identity to transform into a level of 
Peoples’ Republic. This transformation was important for the birth of Uzbekistan 
nation state in the region in future. I focused on the civil war conditions, and the 
developments in the region during the March and February Revolutions which were 
the most remarkable parameters for the collapse of ancient traditional structure of 
Bukhara and also the increase of bourgeoisie nationalist class, known as Young 
Bukharans, which was the most prominent internal actor for the modernization and 
transformation of the society and country. I also try to analyze the Bolshevik 
intervention as an independent variable into the struggle for reform and change 
between feudal classes led by the monarch and bourgeoisie nationalists, because the 
Soviet intervention was a crucial factor for the transformation of the Bukharan 
society and the country. It was both an important and compulsory catalyst for the 
change of the country and the local society. I analyze the examples of establishments 
of Alash Orda, Bashkurd and Kokand governments as role models with their national 
characters for the Bukharan Jadids. In addition, I try to analyze the matter of class 

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struggle in Bukharan Emirate, and I focus on the class struggle between the 
bourgeoisie nationalist class a feudal aristocracy class in Bukhara instead of a class 
struggle between the proletariat class and capitalist class as it occurred in Russia.