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a) before –ing, va after –ing
For.ex: Before going out, I phoned Sarah.(Tashqariga chiqishdan oldin, men Saraga
telfon qildim)
What did you do after leaving school?(Sen maktabni bitirgandan keyin nima qilding?
b)Quyidagi frazali fe’llar bilan:
look forward to(intizorlik bilan kutmoq)
be/get used to(odatlanmoq,ko’nikmoq)
be/get accustomed to(odatlanmoq,ko’nikmoq)
object to(etiroz bildirmoq,qarshi bo’lmoq)
admit to(tan olmoq)
For.ex: I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
(Men sendan tez orada xabarlashishni kutib qolaman
C) O’rganish uchun misollar:
Verb
|
preposition
|
-ing
|
we talked
|
about
|
going to America
|
You must apologise
|
for
|
not telling the truth
|
succeed (in)
|
Have you succeed
|
in
|
finding a job yet?
|
insist (on)
|
They insisted
|
on
|
paying for the meal.
|
think (of/about)
|
I’m thinking
|
of
|
buying a house
|
dream(of)
|
He dreams
|
of
|
being rich
|
approve (of)
|
He doesn’t approve
|
of
|
swearing
|
decide (against)
|
We have decided
|
against
|
moving to london
|
feel (like)
|
Do yo feel
|
like
|
going out tonight?
|
|
verb
|
object
|
preposition
|
-ing
|
congratulate (on)
|
I congratulated
|
Liz
|
on
|
getting a new job
|
accuse (of)
|
They accused
|
us
|
of
|
telling lies
|
suspect (of)
|
Nobody suspected
|
Tom
|
of
|
being a spy
|
prevent (from)
|
What prevented
|
you
|
from
|
coming to see us”
|
stop (from)
|
The rain didn’t stop
|
us
|
from
|
enjoying our holiday
|
thank (for)
|
I forgot to thank
|
them
|
for
|
helping me.
|
excuse (for)
|
Excuse
|
me
|
for
|
being so late.
|
forgive (for)
|
Please forgive
|
me
|
for
|
not writing to you.
|
Infinitive or Gerund.
I.Infinitive yoki Gerundning egalari NIMA?
1) ularning egalari asosiy fe’lning egalari bilan bir xil bo’lishi mumkin:
For.ex: I want to travel around the world.
He had difficulty in finding a job.
2) ularning egalari asosiy fe’l bilan bir xil bo’lmaganda, infinitive yoki gerunddan oldin turgan ism yoki ot, olmosh ( me, you,him, her, it, us, you, them) ularning egalari hisoblanadi:
Note: Gerundning oldidan ega vazifasida egalik olmoshlari (my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their) yoki qaratqich kelishigi(Sarah’s-Saraning) kelishi mumkin.
For.ex: I want John/him/my brother to travel around the world.
(Men Johnni/uni/akamni dunyo bo’ylab sayohat qilishini xohlayman.)
I remember Tim/Tim’s/him/his talking about that island
(Men Timni/Timning/uni/uning o’sha orol haqida gapirganini eslayman)
II.Quyidagi fe’llar bilan(begin,start,continue,intend,can’t bear,bother,propose,) ham infinitive ham gerund kelishi mumkin: But: lekin hech qachon ikkita –ing formalar birga kelmaydi.
For.ex: We continued to discuss /discussing the plans(Biz rejalarni muhokama qilishni davom ettirdik)
Don’t bother to lay /laying the table.(Dasturxonni tuzashga xalaqit bermang)
It’s starting to get cold. (NOT: It’s starting getting cold)(Kun sovishni boshlayapti)
III.Quyidagi fe’llar(advise[maslahat bermoq], allow, permit[ruhsat bermoq], recommend[tavsiya qilmoq],encourage[ruhlantirmoq])dan keyin to’ldiruvchi kelsa yoki bu fe’llar passive voiceda bo’lsa, biz ulardan keyin infinitive ishlatiladi:
For.ex: He adviced us to book in advance.(U bizga oldindan buyurtma berishni maslahat berdi
We were advised to book in advance.(Bizga oldindan buyurtma berishni maslahat berishdi)
Note: Ulardan keyin to’ldiruvchi kelmasa, bu fe’llardan keyin gerund ishlatiladi: For.ex: We advise booking in advance.(Biz oldindan buyurtma berishni maslahat beramiz)
IV.Need/require/want fe’llari jonli ega bilan kelsa, infinitive qo’yamiz:
For.ex: I want to speak English.
He needs to talk to you.
I require you to report about it.
Note:Ular jonsiz ega bilan kelsa,ulardan keyin biz aktive gerunddan foydalanamiz va passiveda tarjima qilinadi] yoki passive infinitive ishlatiladi va shuningdek bu uchala fe’l o’zbek tiliga “kerak” deb tarjima qilinadi:
For.ex: Your shoes need polishing or Your shoes need to be polished
Dishes want washing or Dishes want to be washed
V.Quyidagi fe’llar ma’nodagi o’zgarish qarab infinitive yoki gerund ishlatiladi.
1.a)Forget + to infinitive(=nimanidir qilishni unutsak ishlatamiz)
I’m sorry, I forget to lock the car.(Kechirasiz,Men mashinani qulflashni unitibman).
b)forget + -ing(= o’tgan voqeani unutsak ishlatamiz)
ex: We’ll never forget visiting Paris(Biz hech qachon Parijga tashrif buyurganimizni unutmaymiz.)
2.a)Remember + to infinitive(=nimanidir qilishni eslasak ishlatamiz)
For.ex: Remember to read the instructions.(Qo’llanmalarni o’qishni eslang)
b) remember + -ing (=bo’lib o’tgan voqeani eslasak ishlatamiz).For.ex:
I don’t remember meeting Ali before.(Men oldin Ali bilan uchrashganimni eslay
olmayapman)
3.a)regret + to infinitive(=nimanidir qilishdan afsuslanmoq)
I regret to tell you that you have failed.(Imtihondan yiqilganingni aytishdan afsusdaman.)
b)regret + -ing(=oldin allaqachon qilgan narsamiz haqida ikkinchi marta o’ylaganimizda,afsuslanganimizda ishlatamiz)
He regrets telling lies when he was young.(U yoshligida yolg’on gapirganlaridan
afsuslanadi.)
4.a)stop + to infinitive(=nimanidir qilish uchun to’xtasak)
For.ex: He stopped to buy some milk on his way home.(Uy tarafida biroz sut sotib olish uchun to’xtadi.)
b) stop + -ing(=nimanidir qilishni to’xtatsak, yoki tugatsak)
For.ex: Stop talking,please.
He stopped drinking coffee because it upset his stomach.(
5.a)mean + to infinitive(=rejalashtirmoq,mo’ljallamoq,niyat qilmoq).
For.ex: She means to buy a new car soon.(U tez orada yangi mashina sotib olishni rejalashtiryapti)
b)mean + -ing(o’z ichiga olmoq,o’z ichiga olmoq)
For.ex: Working harder means getting more money.(Qattiqroq ishlash ko’proq pul topishni taqozo qiladi)
6.a)go on + -ing(=biror narsani tugatib,boshqa bir yangi narsani qilishni boshlasak)
For.ex: After finishing her BA, she went on to get a master’s degree.
She introduced herself and went on to talk about her new book.
b)go + -ing(= davom ettirmoq)
For.ex: He went on watching TV. (U TV ni ko’rishda davom etdi.)
She went on writing letters.(U xatlar yozishda davom etdi.)
7.a) try + -ing(=harakat qilmoq,urinib ko’rmoq,qo’lidan kelganicha harakat qilmoq)
For.ex: He tried to open the door.
b)try + -ing(=agar biron narsani “ tajriba” qilish uchun yoki sinab ko’rish uchun harakat qilsak)
For.ex: If you can’t go to sleep, Try drinking some milk.
Try pressing the green button
8.a)be afraid + to infinitive(=shunchaki qo’rqmoq yoki nimanidir qilishni xoxlamasak)
For.ex: He is afraid to drive his father’s car
b)be afraid of + -ing(=sodir bo’lishi mumkin bo’lgan narsadan qo’rqsak)
For.ex: He is afraid of crashing it
9.a)be sorry + to infinitive(=endi qiladigan ishidan afsuslansak)
For.ex: I’m sorry to phone you so late,but I need to ask you something
b) be sorry for + -ing(=qilgan narsadan afsuslansak)
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