Практикум по синхронному переводу с русского языка на английский

зарабатывающим деньги на несчастьях своего ближнего — while the
idea here is that of "making money off someone else," or more formally,
at someone else's expense, the use of "neighbor" keeps the biblical nuance
of ближнего.

12. 
    не дожить до этого — the English idiom needs "day" — i.e. "live to
    sec that day."
    

12. 
    отечественная система — "The Russian system" or "The system in
    our country" are clear renditions of this phrase..
    

12. 
    нашего человека — this has to be rephrased if it is to make any sense
    in English. "Our people," or "Russians" will do, but the plural must be used.
    

12. 
    не по карману — "no one can afford that" or "afford to shell/fork out
    that kind of money" will do. Or, simply, "that's just too expensive."
    

12. 
    широкий человек — a seemingly simple, but quite tricky phrase. The
    idea here is one of generosity, of living well but not in a selfish sense.
    "Broad" or "open" will not work. "I like to help out" or "I'm pretty
    generous" gets the idea across.
    

18. 
    не очень большое застолье — застолье is one of those culturally
    determined concepts which always creates a headache for the
    translator/interpreter. This needs rephrasing: "a small get-together," or
    "having a few people over" is adequate. "Wining and dining" implies
    going out to a restaurant, not entertaining at home.
    

18.