Praise belongs to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon our master Muhammad



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Imam Abu Hanifa

His relations with the Abbasids
 
 
That Abu Hanifa welcomed the arrival of the Abbasids is indicated by his behaviour with Abu’l-‘Abbas 
as-Saffah. This is in harmony with his past experience because he had observed the oppression which ‘Ali’s 
descendants had suffered at the hands of the Umayyads. When the Abbasids first came to power they did so as 
a dynasty which had started as a Shi‘ite movement, stating that they would hand over power to one of the 
descendants of ‘Ali. Once in power, the dynasty was Hashimite, but from descendants of the Prophet’s uncle 
not ‘Ali. They then had to put down ‘Alawite rebellions on the part of those whom they in their turn had 
wronged. 
Abu Hanifa continued to support the Abbasids on account of his love for the entire family of the Prophet. 
Al-Mansur used to bring him near to him, esteem him and offer him generous gifts but he refused them with 
gentleness and use of stratagems. An estrangement took place between al-Mansur and his wife because he 
inclined away from her and she asked him to be fair. He asked her whom she would be content with as an 
arbiter and she chose Abu Hanifa. Al-Mansur was happy with that and Abu Hanifa was summoned.
He said to him, “Abu Hanifa, this free woman contends with me. Give me my right against her.”
Abu Hanifa said, “Let the Amir al-Mu’minin speak.”
“Abu Hanifa,” he replied, “How many wives can a man marry at the same time?”


“Four,” he replied.
“How many slavegirls is he allowed?”
“As many as he likes,” was the reply.
“Is anyone permitted to say anything different?”
“No,” replied the Imam.
“You have heard,” said the khalif. 
But Abu Hanifa continued, “Allah has allowed this to the people of fairness. If, however, anyone is not fair 
or fears that he will not be fair he should only have one. Allah Almighty says, 
‘But if you are afraid of not 
treating them equally, then only one.’
(4:3) So we must follow the discipline of Allah and take heed of His 
admonitions.”
Al-Mansur was silent for a long time. Then Abu Hanifa got up and left. When he reached his house, the 
khalif’s wife sent him a servant with money, clothes, a slavegirl and an Egyptian donkey. He refused the gift 
and told the servant, “Give her my greeting and tell her that she endangers my 
deen
. I did that for Allah, not 
desiring anything from anyone.” 
It is not known that Abu Hanifa was against Abbasid rule until punitive action was taken against the sons 
of ‘Ali and there was a strong dispute between the Abbasids and them. It is known that he was loyal to the 
sons of ‘Ali, partisan on their behalf, and that he preferred them, so it was natural that he should become 
angry when they were angry, especially when those who rebelled against al-Mansur were Muhammad an-Nafs 
az-Zakiya (Pure Soul) and his brother Ibrahim. Their father was one of those connected by scholarship to Abu 
Hanifa – 
The Book of Virtues
mentions him as one of his shaykhs from whom he transmitted. When his sons 
rebelled, ‘Abdullah was in al-Mansur’s prison where he died after his sons were killed. 
That is why we see words related from Abu Hanifa showing resentment against the Abbasids during the 
rebellion of these ‘Alawites and after their deaths. It is clear that, at that time, he did not think that loyalty to 
the Abbasids was correct but, as had been the case with him in the past, his resentment never exceeded verbal 
criticism and stating his loyalty to the ‘Alawites. He took no action. Such is the action of scholars who are 
only a little distracted from their knowledge by their devotion for those they love. Al-Mansur was aware of 
this and he overlooked it sometimes and sought information at other times until the tragedy occurred. 
Muhammad Pure Soul rebelled against al-Mansur in Madina in 145 AH and was supported by the people 
of Khorasan and others but he was too far away for them to be able to help him. It is reported that in Madina, 
Malik issued a 

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