Organik kimyo

Tishchenko reaksiyasi.

3CH₃-CHO + (C₂H₅)₃Al → 3CH₃-COOC₂H₅ + AlH₃

48. 
    Nesmyenov reaksiyasi. Alkinlarga HgCl₂ tasiri. CH₃-CCH + HgCl₂ → CH₃-CCl=CH-HgCl
    
49. 
    Sabatye reaksiyasi. Alkenlarni gidrogenlab alkan olish reaksiyasini kashf etgan. ^Cn^H2n ^{+ H}2 ^{→ C}n^H2n+2
    

CH₂ = CH₂ + H₂ → CH₃ – CH₃

50. 
    Nyulends reaksiyasi. C₂H₂ ni 80 ^oC da CuCl va NH₄Cl katalizatorligida vinil atsetilen oladi.
    

HCCH + HCCH → H₂C=CH-CCH

51. 
    Favorskiy reaksiyasi -alkinlarni izomerlanishni kashf etgan. Katalizator NaOH ning spirtli eritmasi.
    

CH₃-CH₂-C≡CH (NaOH spirt ert) → CH₃CCCH₃ CH₃-C(CH₃)-CCH → CH₃-C(CH₃)=C=CH₂

52. 
    Vyurs - Fittig reaksiyasi orqali
    

^{Cl C}2^H5

+ 2Na + Cl-C₂H₅

+ 2NaCl

etil benzol

53. 
    Dils-Alders reaksiyasi – 1,3-diyenlarning xona haroratida akrolein (CH₂=CH-CHO), mallein angidrid (CH₂CO)₂O, vinil xlorid (CH₂=CHCl), etilen (C₂H₄), bilan 1,4-birikish reaksiyasiga kirishadi.
    

CH₂

CH₂=CH-CH=CH₂ +CH₂CH-CHO→CH CH-CHO CH CH₂

CH₂

CH₂-CH-CH=CH₂ + CH₂=CHCl → CH

CH-Cl
CH CH₂

CH₂

54. 
    Rezenmud reaksiyasi. Karbon kislotaning xlor angidridlarini qaytarib aldegidlar olish mumkin.
    

R – COCl + H₂ → R – CHO + HCl
CH₃ – COCl + H₂ → CH₃ – CHO + HCl

55. 
    Reppe reaksiyasi. Alkenlarni is gazi va vodorod yordamida qaytarib aldegid olish. R – CH=CH₂ + CO + H₂ → R – CH₂-CH₂-CHO
    

CH₂=CH₂ + CO + H₂ → CH₃-СH₂-CHO

56. 
    N.A. Emmanuel reaksiyasi. so’ngi yillarda uglevodorodlar, masalan, butan, penta va hakozolarni yuqori temperaturada havo kislorodi tasirida oksidlab, sirka kislota olishning sanoat usullarini ishlab chiqqan.
    

2C₄H₁₀ + 5O₂ → 4CH₃COOH + 2H₂O

57. 
    Meer reaksiyasi - To’yingan uglevodorodlarning gologenli xosilalariga nitrit kislota tuzlari ta'sir ettirib nitrobirikmalar olish.
    

CH₃ - CH₂ - J + AgNO₂ CH₃ - CH₂ - NO₂ + AgJ

58. 
    Gofman reaksiyasi. kislota amidlari natriy gipoxlorid yoki gipobromidlar tasirida birlamchi aminlar hosil qiladi.
    

R - CO - NH₂ + 2NaOH + NaClO RNH₂ + Na₂CO₃ + NaCl + H₂O

59. 
    V.M.Rodionov usuli bo’yicha malon kislotadan betta aminokislotalar olish R-CHO + CH₂(COOH)₂ + NH₃ → R-CH(NH₂)-CH₂-COOH + CO₂ + H₂O
    

ORGANIK MODDALAR NOMLARI

Moddalar nomlari	Formulasi (tuzilishi)
1,2,3-trioksibenzol	C6H3(OH)3
1,2,4-trioksibenzol	C6H3(OH)3
1,2-dioksibenzol	C6H4(OH)2
1,3,5-trioksibenzol	C6H3(OH)3
1,3-dioksibenzol	C6H4(OH)2
1,4-dioksibenzol	C6H4(OH)2
2metil propan dikislota	HOOC-CH(CH3)-COOH
2-metil propanal	CH3CH(CH3)CHO
2-metil propanol-2	CH3C(CH3)2OH
2-metilpropanol-1	CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2OH
3,3-dimetilbutin-1	^Н3^С-С(CH3^)2^-С≡СН
3-metil-pentin-1	^Н3^С-CH2^-СH(CH3^)-С≡СН
4-metil-pentin-1	^Н3^С-СH(CH3^)-CH2^-С≡СН
4-metilpentin-2	^Н3^С-СH(CH3^)-С≡С-CH3
Addipin kislota	HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH
Adenin	C5H5N5
Akril amid	CH2=CH-CO-NH2
Akril kislota	CH2=CH-COOH
Akrilonitril	СH2=CH-CN
Akrolein	CH2=CH-CHO
Alanin	CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH
Aldol	CH3-CH(OH)-CH2-CHO

Alizarin	C14H6O2(OH)2
Allen	CH2=C=CH2
Allil spirt	CH2=CH-CH2OH
Allil xlorid	CH2=CH-CH2Cl
Amigdalin	C20H27O11N∙H2O
Amil spirti	C5H11OH
Anabazin	^C10^H14^N2
Antratsen	^C14^H10
Antraxinon	^C14^H8^O2
Araxidon kislota	CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
Araxin kislota	CH3-(CH2)18-COOH
Asalari mumi (palmitin kilslotaning miritsil efiri)		C15H31COO-C31H63
Asetanilid	C6H5-CH2-NH2
Aseton (dimetil keton)	CH3-CO-CH3
Aseton oksimi	CH3-C(CH3)=N-OH
Asetonfenilgidrazoni	CH3C(N-NH-C6H5)-CH3
Asetonitril	CH3-CN
Azelain kislota	HOOC-(CH2)7-COOH
Benzil radikali	C6H5CH2 –
Benzil xlorid	C6H5CH2Cl
Benzilamin	C6H5-CH2-NH2
benzilidin radikali	C6H5-CH=
Benzol	C6H6

Benzoxinon	C6H4O2
Benzoy kislota	C6H5COOH
Biuret	NH2-CO-NH-CONH2
Bromoform	СHBr3
Butan	^C4^H10
Butanal	СH3CH2CH2CHO
Butanol-1	CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2OH
Butanol-2	CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3
Buten-1	CH2 = CH – CH2 – CH3
Buten-2	CH3 – CH = CH – CH3
Buten-2-al	CH3-CH=CH-CHO
Butil asetat	CH3-COOC4H9
Butil spirti	C4H9OH
Butilenglikol	C4H8(OH)2
Butin-1	CH3 – CH2 – C ≡ C H
Butin-2	CH3 – C ≡ C – CH3
Chumoli aldegid	HCHO
Chumoli kislota	HCOOH
Chumoli kislota amidi	CHONH2
D-alanin	CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH
Dekan	^C10^H22
Dekanal	C9H19CHO
Dekstrin	(C6H10O5)m

Detsen	^C10^H20
D-fruktoza	CH2OH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CO-CH2OH
D-galaktoza	CH2OH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CHO
D-glukoza	^C6^H12^O6
Diasetil selluloza	C6H7O2(OH)(OCOCH3)2
Diaseton spirt	CH3-C(CH3)OH-CH2-CO-CH3
Dietil efir	C2H5-O-С2H5
Dietil keton	C2H5-CO-C2H5
Difenil efir (fenetol)	C6H5-O-C6H5
Diizopropil keton	(CH3)2CH-O-CH(CH3)2
Dimetil efir	CH3-O-CH3
Dimetil rux	(CH3)2Zn
Dimetiletilamin	(CH3)2-N-C2H5
Dinitriladdipin kislota	NC-(CH2)4-CN
Dinitroselluloza	C6H7O2(OH)(ONO2)2
Dioksan	CH2 – CH2 O O CH2 – CH2
Dioksin	C4H4O2
Dipropil keton	C3H7-CO-C3H7
D-ksiloza	^C5^H10^O5
D-mannit	CH2OH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CH2OH
D-manno shakar kislota	HOOC-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-COOH
D-mannon kislota	CH2OH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-COOH
D-mannoza	^C6^H12^O6

D-mannoza	CH2OH-(CHOH)4-CHO
Dodekan	^C12^H26
Dodetsilamin	C12H25-NH2
Dulsit	CH2OH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CH2OH
Durol	1,2,4,5-(CH3)4C6H2
Elaidin k-ta (olein kislotaning trans izomeri)	CH3-(CH2)7-C-H || H-C-(CH2)7-COOH
Enant aldegid	C6H13CHO
Enant kislota	C6H13COOH
Etan	C2H6
Etanal	CH3CHO
Etanol	CH3-CH2-OH
Etanol kislota	CH2OH-COOH
Eten	CH2 = CH2
Etil asetat	CH3-COOC2H5
Etil izopropil efir	C2H5-O-CH(CH3)2
Etil propil efir	C2H5-O-C3H7
Etilamin	C2H5-NH2
Etilbenzol	C6H5C2H5
Etilen xlorgidrin	ClCH2-CH2OH
Etilendiamin	NH2-CH2-CH2-NH2
Etilenglikol	CH2OH-CH2OH
Etin	HC ≡ CH

Eykozan	^С20^H42
Fenil radikali	C6H5 -
fenilen radikali	C6H4=
Fenol	C6H5OH
Floroglutsin	C6H3(OH)3
Fumar k-ta (trans- izomer)	HOOC-C-H || H-C-COOH
Furan	C4H4O
Galaktoza	^C6^H12^O6
Geksadekan	^C16^H34
Geksadekanal	C15H31CHO
Geksametilbenzol	C6(CH3)6
Geksametilen tetraamin	^C6^H12^N4
Geksametilendiamin	NH2-(CH2)6-NH2
Geksametilendisiloksan	(CH3)3-Si-O-Si-(CH3)3
Geksan	^C6^H14
Geksanal	C5H11CHO
Geksanol-1	CH3СH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
Geksaxlor siklogeksan	C6H6Cl6
Geksaxloran	C6H6Cl6
Geksen	^C6^H12

Geksil spirit	C6H13OH
Geksin	^C6^H10
Geksin-1	^Н3^С-(СH2^)3^-С≡СН
Geksin-2	^Н3^С-(СH2^)2^-С≡С-CH3
Geksin-3	^Н3^С-СH2^-С≡С-C2^H5
Geksit	CH2OH-(CHOH)4-CH2OH
Geksoza	^C6^H12^O6
Geptadekan	^C17^H36
Geptakozan	^C27^H56
Geptakozan	^C27^H56
Geptan	^C7^H16
Geptanal	C6H13CHO
Gepten	^C7^H14
Geptoza	^C7^H14^O7
Gidroxinon	C6H4(OH)2
Gippur kislota	С6H5CONH-CH2-COOH
Glikokol	NH2CH2-COOH
Glikol	CH2OH-COOH
Glikol aldegid	HOCH2-CHO
Glikol kislota	CH2OH-COOH
Glioksal	CHO-CHO
Glitserin	CH2OH-CHOH-CH2OH
Glitserin aldegid	HOCH2-CHOH-CHO
Glitsin	NH2CH2-COOH
Glukon kislota	CH2OH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-COOH
Glukoza	^C6^H12^O6

Glutar kislota	HOOC-(CH2)3-COOH
Guanin	C5H5ON5
Guttapercha (poliizoprenni trans holati)	-CH2 H CH3 CH2- C=C С=С СH3 CH2 – CH2 H n
Imidazol	C3H4N2
Indol	C8H7N
Itakon kislota	COOH | H2C=C-CH2-СOOH
Izodurol	1,2,3,5-(CH3)4C6H2
Izokraton k-ta	H-C-CH3 || HOOC-C-H
Izoleysin (α-amino 3 metil pentan kislota)	C2H5-CH(CH3)-CH((NH2)-COOH
Izomoy aldegid	CH3CH(CH3)CHO
Izomoy kislota	CH3CH(CH3)COOH
Izoniazid	C6H7N3O
Izopropilbenzol	C6H5CH(CH)3
Kalsiy karbit	CaC2
Kapril aldegid	C7H15CHO
Kapril kislota	C7H15COOH

Kaprin aldegid	C9H19CHO
Kaprin kislota	C9H19COOH
Kapron aldegid	C5H11CHO
Kapron kislota	CH3-(CH2)4-COOH
Karbamid	NH2-CO-NH2
Karbinol	CH3OH
Karbol kislota	C6H5OH
Kodaverin (pentametilendiamin)		NH2-(CH2)5-NH2
Kofein	^C8^H10^O2^N4
Korbamin kislota	O=C(OH)NH2
Kraton aldegid	CH3-CH=CH-CHO
Kraton k-ta	H-C-CH3 || H-C-COOH
Kraxmal	(C6H10O5)n
Ksilil	C6H4C2H5 –
Kumil	C6H4C3H7 –
Laktamlar	CH2 – CH2 - CH2 NH2- CO
Laktoza	^C12^H22^O11
L-alanin	CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH
L-arabinoza	^C5^H10^O5
Laurin kislota	C11H23COOH
Levulin aldegid	CH3-CO(CH2)2-CHO

Leysin kislota (α-amino izokapron kislota)	CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Lignatserin kislota	CH3-(CH2)22-COOH
Limon kislota	HOOC-CH2-C(OH)(COOH)-CH2-COOH
Linol kislota	CH3-(CH2)4-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-(CH2)7-COOH
Linolein kislota	CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
Linolen k-ta	C2H5CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
Magniy metilyodid	CH3MgJ
Malein k-ta (sis-izomer)	H-C-COOH || H-C-COOH
Mallon kislota	HOOC-CH2-COOH
Maltoza	^C12^H22^O11
Margarin kislota	CH3-(CH2)15-COOH
Metaakril k-ta	CH3=C(CH3)-COOH
Metan	CH4
Metanal	HCHO
Metanol	CH3OH
Metil amin	CH3-NH2
Metil butil efir	CH3-O-C4H9
Metil etil efir	CH3-O-C2H5
Metil etilketon	CH3-CO-C2H5
Metil geksadetsilketon	CH3-CO-C16H33
Metil ikkilamchi butil efir		CH3-O-CH(CH3)C2H5

Metil izobutil efir	CH3-O-CH2-CH(CH3)2
Metil izopropil efir	CH3-O-CH(CH3)2
Metil izopropil keton	CH3-CO-CH(CH3)2
Metil mallon kislota	HOOC-CH(CH3)-COOH
Metil propil efir	CH3-O-C3H7
Metil propil keton	CH3-CO-C3H7
Metil uchlamchi butil efir		CH3-O-C(CH3)3
Metilenxlorid	CH2Cl2
metiletilamin	CH3-NH-C2H5
Metiletilmallon kislota	HOOC-C(CH3)(C2H5)-COOH
Metilnatriy	CH3Na
Metiltetradetsil keton	CH3-CO-C14H29
Metilxlorid	CH3Cl
Miristin kislota	CH3-(CH2)12-COOH
m-ksilol	C6H4(CH3)2
Mochevina	NH2-CO-NH2
Mononitroselluloza	C6H7O2(OH)2ONO2
Moy aldegid	СH3CH2CH2CHO
Moy kislota	C3H7COOH
Moykislota amidi	CH3-(CH2)2-CONH2
Mukon k-ta	HOOC-CH=CH-CH=CH-COOH
Naftalin	^C10^H8
Natriy etileat	C2H5ONa
Natriy fenolyat	C6H5ONa

Nikotin	^C10^H14^N2
Nikotin kislota	C5H4NCOOH
Nitrobenzol	C6H5NO2
Nitroetan	C2H5NO2
Nitrogeksan	C6H13NO2
Nitrozamin	(C6H5)2N=NO
Nonadekan	^C19^H40
Nonakozan	^C29^H60
Nonan	^C9^H20
Nonanal	C8H17CHO
Nonen	^C9^H18
Oksalat (shovul) k-ta	HOOC-COOH
Oksazol	C3H3ON
Oksigidroxinon	C6H3(OH)3
o-ksilol	C6H4(CH3)2
Oksimetiletilketon	CH3-C=(NOH)-C2H5
Oksimoy kislota	CH3-CH2-CHOH-COOH
Oksinitril	CH2=CH-CN
Oksipropion kislota	CH3-CHOH-COOH
Oktadekan	^C18^H38
Oktadekanal	C17H35CHO
Oktakozan	^C28^H58
Oktan	^C8^H18
Oktanal	C7H15CHO

Okten	^C8^H16
Olein kislota	CH3-(СH2)7-CH=CH-(CH2)7-COOH
Olma kislota	HOOC-CH2-CHOH-COOH
Oppanol	Poliizobutilaen C4H8
Organik shisha	[-CH2-C(CH3)-COOCH3]
o-xlor toluol	C6H4CH3Cl
Palmitin aldegid	C15H31CHO
Palmitin kislota	C15H31COOH
Palmiton	C15H31-CO-C15H31
Palmitoolein kislota	CH3(CH2)5-CH=CH-(CH2)5-COOH
Paraform	(HCHO)n
Patoka	Dekstrin bilan glukoza aralashmasi
Pellargon aldegid	C8H17CHO
Pellargon kislota	CH3-(CH2)7-COOH
Pentadekan	^C15^H32
Pentakozan	^C25^H52
Pentametilbenzol	C6H(CH3)5
Pentan	^C5^H12
Pentanal	C4H9CHO
Pentanol-1	СH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
Penten	^C5^H10
Pentilenglikol	C5H10(OH)2
Pentin-1	НС≡С-(СН2)2-СН3
Pentin-2	Н3С—С≡С—С2Н5

Pentoza	^C5^H10^O5
Pikramid	C6H2(NO2)3NH2
Pikrin kislota	C6H2OH(NO2)3
Pimelin k-ta	HOOC-(CH2)5-COOH
Piran	C5H6O
Pirazin	C4H4N2
Piridin	C5H5N
Piridoksal	C8H9O2N
Piridoksamin	^C8^H12^O2^N2
Piridoksin	C8H11NO2
Pirimidin	C4H4N2
Pirogallol	C6H3(OH)3
Pirokatexin	C6H4(OH)2
Pirrol	C4H5N
Pirrolidin	C4H9N
Pirrolin	C4H7N
p-ksilol	C6H4(CH3)2
Polibutadiyen	[-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-]
Poliizopren	[-CH2-CH=C(CH3)=CH2
Prenitol	1,2,3,4-(CH3)4C6H2
Probka k-ta	HOOC-(CH2)6-COOH
Propan	C3H8
Propanal	C2H5CHO
Propanol-1	CH3-CH2-CH2OH
Propanol-2	CH3-CH(CH3)OH

Propanol-2 kislota	CH3-CHOH-COOH
Propantriol-1,2,3	CH2OH-CHOH-CH2OH
Propen	CH2 = CH – CH3
Propil spirti	C3H7OH
Propilamin	C3H7-NH2
Propilbenzol	С6H5C3H7
Propilenglikol	C3H6(OH)2
Propin	HC ≡ C – CH3
Propion aldegid	C2H5CHO
Propion kislota	C2H5COOH
Purin	C4H4N4
Putressin (tetrametilendiamin)		NH2-(CH2)4-NH2

Qaxrabo kislota	HOOC-(CH2)2-COOH
Qaxrabo kislota angidridi		(CH2CO)2O
Rezorsin	C6H4(OH)2
Riboza	^C5^H10^O5
Sebasion k-ta	HOOC-(CH2)8-COOH
Selluloza ksantogenati	C6H7O2(OH)2(O-CS-SNa)
Seyze tuzi	K[C2H4PtCl3]∙H2O
Shakar kislota	HOOC-(CHOH)4-COOH

Shilliq kislota	HOOC-(CHOH)4-COOH
Siangidrin	CH3-C(OH)CN-CH2-COO-С2H5
Siklobutan	C4H8
siklogeksan	^С6^H12
Siklogeksanol	C6H11OH
Siklogeksanon	C6H10O
Siklogeptan	^C7^H14
Siklooktan	^C8^H16
Siklopentan	^C5^H10
Siklopropan	C3H6
Sintez gazi	CO∙2H2
Sirka aldegid	CH3CHO
Sirka kislota	CH3COOH
Sirka kislota amidi	CH3-CONH2
Sirka kislota oksimi	CH3CH=N-OH
Sirka kislota xlorangidridi		CH3-CClO
Sitozin	C4H5ON3
Siydik kislota	C5H4O3N4
Stearin aldegid	C17H35CHO
Stearin kislota	С17H35COOH
Stirol (vinil benzol)	C6H5CH=CH2
Sulfanil kislota	NH2-C6H4-SO3H
Surik	Pb3O4
Sut kislota	CH3-CHOH-COOH
Teflon	Politetraftoretilen (C2F4)n

Tetradekan	^C14^H30
Tetrametil silan	Si(CH3)4
Tetroza	C4H8O4
Tiazol	C3H3NS
Timin	C5H6O2N2
Tiofen	C4H4S
Tiofos	C10H14O5SPN
Tiopiran	C5H6S
Tiozin	C4H5SN
tolil	C6H4CH3 –
Toluidin	CH3-C6H4-NH2
Toluol	C6H5CH3
Triakontan	^C30^H62
Triasetilselluloza	C6H7O2(OCOCH3)3
Tridekan	^C13^H28
Trietil alyuminiy	(C2H5)3Al
Trimetil fosfin	P(CH3)2
Trimetilenglikol	CH2OH-CH2-CH2OH
Trimetilsilanol	(CH3)3SiOH
Trinitroglitserin	CH2ONO2-СHONO2-CH2ONO2
Trinitroselluloza	C6H7O2(ONO2)3
Trioksimetilen	(CH2-O)3
Trioza	C3H6O3
Uglerod (IV)-xlorid	CCl4

Undekan	^C11^H24
Undekan kislota	C10H21COOH
Uratsil	C4H4O2N2
Urotropin	^C6^H12^N4
Valerian aldegid	C4H9CHO
Valerian kislota	C4H9COOH
Valin kislota	CH3CH(CH3)-CH-COOH
Vinil asetilen	HCC-CH=CH2
Vinilpropion k-ta	CH2=CH-(CH2)2-COOH
Vinilsirka k-ta	CH2=CH-CH2-COOH
Vino spirti	C2H5OH
Vistaneks	Poliizobutilaen C4H8
Vitamin-B6	C8H11O2N
Vitamin-PP	C6H6N2O
Xinolin	C9H7N
Xlor trimetil silan	(CH3)3SiCl
Xloralgidrat	Cl3C-CH(OH)2
Xlordimetil fosfin	(CH3)2P-Cl
Xloroform	CHCl3
Xlorofos	C4H8O2Cl3P
Xloropren	CH2=CH-C(Cl)=CH2
Xlorpiridin	C5H4NCl

Yodoform	CHJ3
yog’och spirti	CH3OH
γ-oksimoy kislota laktami	CH2 - CH2 CH2 С=O O