Māris kļaviņŠ, azamat azizov, JĀnis zaļoksnis environment, pollution, development: the case of uzbekistan

Figure 7.6. 
Smog in 
Beijing, 2003

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7. AIR POLLUTION
 123
Impac
ts of en
vironmentla pollutio
n
Local 
problems
Regional 
problems
Global 
problems
Sustainable development
Cleaner production
Recycling
Pollution binding
Dilution of pollution
1950
1970
1990
2010
Air pollution is generated both by the industrial processes and 
heating.  Significant  air  pollution  is  caused  by  burning  household 
waste. From traditional fuels, the most polluting is coal, which has a 
high bituminous matter and sulfur content. The design of a furnace, 
stove or a heating system is of great importance, respectively, 
optimal temperature and air supply must be provided for combustion 
of each fuel. Compared to the case of solid fuel, the combustion 
process is significantly easier optimized for gaseous and liquid fuels. 
In this case, the relevant matter is the presence of sulfur-containing 
compounds in the fuel. 
Another  major  pollution  source  is  transport.  This  is  due  to 
the fact that the engine exhaust gases contain a range of various 
harmful substances. From a practical point of view, it should be 
noted that the engine exhaust gas composition is highly dependent 
on driving and engine operating conditions, fuel supply and quality. 
When idling and driving at lower engine speeds, the exhaust gas 
contains a greater amount of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. 
In the process of incomplete combustion of gasoline, cracking 
of hydrocarbons and other transformations occur, leading to 
formation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, which are generally known 
carcinogens. Modern transport in cities in terms of total emission 
amount of certain pollutants has become a major source of pollution.
Many production processes are characterized by emission of 
specific pollutants.