Māris kļaviņŠ, azamat azizov, JĀnis zaļoksnis environment, pollution, development: the case of uzbekistan

Fossil fuel
Sulfuric fuel
Sulfuric dioxide
(SO
2
)
Sulfuric trioxide
(SO
3
)
Sulfuric acid
(H
2
SO
4
)
Burning
Oxygen (O
2
)
Oxygen (O
2
)
Oxygen (O
2
)
Oxygen (O )
Water (H
2
O)
Carbon (C)
Burning
Carbon monoxide (CO)
carbon dioxide (CO
2
)
Nitrogen (N)
Nitrogen (I)
oxide (NO)
Nitrogen (IV)
oxide (NO
2
)
Nitric acid
(HNO
3
)
Burning
Oxygen (O
2
)
Oxygen (O
2
)
Water (H
2
O)
Ammonia sulfate
((NH
4
)
2
SO
4
)
Amonium (NH
3
)
Figure 7.14. 
Pollutant 
formation as a result of 
fossil fuel combustion 

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130 
ENVIRONMENT, POLLUTION, DEVELOPMENT:  THE CASE OF UZBEKISTAN
microelement  balance  and  the  buffering  capacity  of  the  soil  (that 
is, the presence of alkaline rocks), in which the plant develops. 
Indirect effect of sulfur dioxide is acidification of environ ment, when 
in the result of precipitation pH decline affects the state of plants 
and forests, as well as the processes in water and the condition of 
hydro-ecosystems.
Given the hazards of sulfur dioxide, a number of fundamentally 
different  approaches  have  been  developed  to  control  and  restrict 
its release into the atmo sphere. Preventive methods focus on the 
changes in industrial processes and life style so as to prevent the 
formation of pollutants. The main source of sulfur dioxide emissions 
is burning of fossil fuels for energy purposes, hence, the effective 
method of restricting SO
2
 emissions is the change of the energy 
production systems, namely, the transition to energy sources with a 
low environ mental impact and characterized by an acceptably high 
degree of safety.
1
10
100
1000
19
67
19
71
19
75
19
79
19
83
19
87
19
91
19
95
19
99
20
03
 SO
2
; NO
2
 concentration, 
  µg/m
3
SO
2
 AVG
NO
2
 AVG
Smoke
Cyclone
Heat exchange
Fuel and
limestone
Boiling 
layer
Air