Ministry of higher and secondary special education of the republic uzbekistan state world languages university

General phonetics which studies the human sound due to principles of theoretical phonetics. It is a part of general linguistics.

Descriptive phonetics which studies the phonetic system of a certain language.

Historical (diachronical) phonetics which studies the sound undergoes in the development of a language.

Comparative-typological phonetics studies the phonetic features of two or more languages of different systems.

Comparison of phonetic-phonological units is carried out in structural, genetic, areal and comparative typology (panchronic, diachronic and synchronic). Panchronic/diachronic comparison is not used because it is helpless and has no scientific value to compare genetically and aerially distant non-cognate English and Uzbek.

Questions for self-control:

1. 
   What kind of relations does phonetic typology have with phonological typology?
   
2. 
   With what phonetic/phonological typology can be dealt?
   
3. 
   How can you define the term “segmental and suprasegmental typology”?
   
4. 
   What types of phonetics do you know?
   

Recommended Literatures:

1. Аракин В.Д. Сравнительная типология английского и русского языков. Ленинград, 1979.

2. Буранов Ж.Б. Сравнительная типология английского и тюркских языков. М, 1983.
3. Рождественский Ю.В. Типология слова. М, 1969.


2.2. Typological characteristics of English and Native languages phonetic systems
2.2.1. English and Native languages vowel phonemes

Vowels are normally made with the air stream that meets no obstruction in the mouth, pharyngeal and nasal cavities.

On the articulatory level in English the description of vowels notes changes:

1. 
   in the stability of articulation
   
2. 
   in the tongue position
   
3. 
   in the lip position
   
4. 
   in their length
   

In Uzbek and Russian they are described:
1. according to the lips position
2. according to the vertical movement of the tongue
3. according to the horizontal movement of the tongue

English has

1. 
   10 monophthongs: /i/, /e/, /ǽ/, /u/, /٨/, /ә/, /a:/, /o/, /o:/, /ə:/.
   

2. 
   8 diphthongs: glides to [i] -/ei/, /oi/, / ai/;
   

glides to [u] -/au/, /әu/, / uə/;
glides to [ә] - /iә/, / εə /

3. 
   2 diphthongoids /i:/, /u:/
   

Thus, the phonemic inventory of English vowels includes 20 phonemes and 6 vowel letters a, i, e, u, o, y, Uzbek has 6 vowel phonemes [и], [э], [a], [у], [ў], [o] and letters i, e, a, u, o‘, o. Russian also has 6 vowel phonemes [и], [ы], [у], [э], [о], [а] and 10 vowel letters а, о, э, и, у, ы, е, ё, ю, я.