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elaborates the major differences between the two groups. He points out that group
dynamics are altered in internet focus groups. Whereas traditional focus groups thrive on
the interaction
between group participants, it is very difficult to create any real group
dynamics in cyberspace. Moreover, it is not possible to duplicate non-verbal input in an
on-line environment nor is it possible to know for sure if the person sitting at the
computer is actually the person selected to participate, or if she is
paying full attention to
the process or being distracted by other things during the session. Lastly, the role of the
moderator is limited in an on-line environment due to the lack of face-to-face
involvement with the participants. Despite these disadvantages, the internet focus group
affords a great deal of anonymity to participants and
hence a feeling of ease and
relaxation as the participant operates from comfortable familiar surroundings. Also
moderator effects are reduced in a non face-to-face situation. These effects may include
the personal characteristics of the moderator such as her physical appearance, general
demeanour, age and race or even socio-economic characteristics and technical knowledge
(Krueger 1994:102).
4.2.4.3 Net based focus groups
Focus groups can also be conducted by means of audio or video conferencing which
provides a richer and more natural form of communication on the net (Anderson &
Kanuka 2003: 104). Until recently, the required software, end-user hardware, and
bandwidth have prevented use of these richer and more natural forms
of communication
on the Net. However, the development of multisited audio and video conferencing
systems and the availability of high-speed connecting at home and in the workplace
promise increased use of media rich, synchronous forms of net-based focus groups
(Anderson & Kanuka 2003: 104).
Anderson and Kanuka (2003) distinguish four kinds of net-based focus groups:
• synchronous and text-based
• synchronous and audio and/or video-based
• asynchronous
and text-based
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• asynchronous and audio and/or video-based.
Text based email and computer conferencing are said to have been the predominant
forms of asynchronous communication on the internet, while text-based chats are the
most common and accessible way to conduct real time focus groups synchronously
(Anderson & Kanuka 2003:104).
For the present study, the synchronous audio and video-based focus group was
selected
as the qualitative data gathering method.
4.2.4.4 The Video conference focus group
The VConf-FGI is the interview data collection method chosen for this study. A detailed
description of this method, including its advantages and limitations is given in the choice
of methodology and data collection sections.
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