Липидларнинг метаболизми

A. Synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG CoA)

• A. Synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG CoA)
• B. Synthesis of mevalonic acid (mevalonate) .The next step, the reduction of HMG CoA to mevalonic acid, is catalyzed by HMG CoA reductase, and is the rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis.
• C. Synthesis of cholesterol

STRUCTURE OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS

• STRUCTURE OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS
• There are two classes of phospholipids: those that have glycerol as a backbone and those that contain sphingosine. Both classes are found as structural components of membranes, and both play a role in the lipid-signaling generation of molecules.

Sphingophospholipids: sphingomyelin

• Sphingophospholipids: sphingomyelin
• The backbone of sphingomyelin is the amino alcohol rather than glycerol long-chain fatty acid is to the amino group of sphingosine through an amide linkage, producing a which can also serve as a precursor of glycolipids. The alcohol group at carbon 1 of sphingosine is esterified to phosphorylcholine, producing sphingomyelin, the only significant sphingophospholipid in humans. Sphingomyelin is an important constituent of the myelin of nerve fibers.

Sphingolipidoses

• In a normal individual, synthesis and degradation of sphingolipid are balanced, so that the amount of these compounds present membranes is constant. a specific hydrolase required for the degradation process is partially or totally missing, a sphingolipid accumulates in the lysosomes. Lipid storage diseases caused by these deficiencies are called sphingolipidoses. The result of a specific hydrolase deficiency may be seen dramatically in nerve tissue where neurologic deterioration can lead to early death.

Оксидланишдан фарқли ёғ кислоталар синтези:

• Эндоплазматик тўрда кечади
• Синтез манбаи бўлиб малонил-КоА ҳисобланади
• Оралиқ махсулотларни қайтарилиши учун НАДФН2 зарур
• Ацетил-КоА томизғи сифатида ишлатилади
• Ёғ кислоталар синтезининг барча босқичлари циклик кечиб, пальмитатсинтетаза юзасида боради