APPLICATION OF DECISION-MAKING IN GAME
THEORY
Student: Supervisor:
Aghazada Mirnaghi Aghanemat Instr. PhD
G.B.Ahmadova
I year , gr:Zu-028
All of us could apply math to our social life. There are
several theories in math and contrasting field of science that
assist our decision-making process. The most powerful theory
is Game Theory which was introduced by mathematician John
Neumann and economist Oskar Morgenstern.
In this theory game doesn’t mean just as we think
normally. A game is an interaction among various competitors
in condition of every players` payoff is influenced by other
people`s decision. Overall, Game Theory has various
implementation such as war, psychology, politics, business and
economics.
Furthermore, game theory has lots of species, most
extensive ones are cooperative and non-cooperative games.
Simply cooperative game theory deals with coalitions, groups
of players and how they agreed to do business in common
toward mutual target. Cooperative games have several axioms
such as marginal contribution. It means that the contribution of
each player is calculated with gains and loss which caused by
removing them. We should also take into account that
interchangeable players have the same valuation and
counterfeiter members do not have any value. To make it clear,
the same amount of contribution of two parties should be
rewarded equally but if they do not contribute in any way then
they must obtain nothing. In addition non-cooperative games
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handle mutual players and how individuals deal with each
other to reach their own goals. One of the best instances to
non-cooperative games is Rock-paper-Scissors game.
Neoclassical
economics
struggle
to
figure
out
expectations of entrepreneurs. So Game Theory is concerned
directly with market process. Game Theory is mainly used to
comprehend oligopoly behavior of different institutions such as
price-fixing and collusion. Key concept of this theory is Nash
Equilibrium which is introduced by American mathematician
John Forbes Nash in 20
th
century. According to the Nash each
competitor makes a choice that authorizes them better off
without the effect of opponents` decisions. It should be
mentioned that Nash was awarded with Nobel price due to his
contribution to the economics.
To sum up , Game Theory is recent theory and must be
developed. Scientists consider Game Theory as opposite
hypothesis of Adam Smith. It is not surprising, because this
theory works with how to reduce competition risks which is
core concept of market systems.
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