Kimyoning asosiy tushuncha va qonunlari nisbiy atom va nisbiy molekulyar massa. Modda miqdori

Kam eriydigan birikmalarning suvdagi eruvchanlik ko'paytmalari

(25 ^oC)

Moddaning formulasi	K^os	Moddaning formulasi	K^os
AgBr	510^-13	Ca3(PO4)2	210^-29
AgBrO3	5,810^-5	Ca(OH)2 (Ca^2++2OH^-)	5,510^-6
AgCN	710^-15	CaSO4	2,3710^-5
AgCl	1,810^-10	CdCO3	5,210^-12
Ag2CrO4	1,210^-12	CdC2O4	1,510^-8
Ag2Cr2O7	210^-7	Cd(OH)2 (yangi cho'kt.)	2,210^-14
AgJ	2,310^-16	Cd(OH)2 (yetilgan)	5,910^-15
Ag3PO4	1,810^-18	CdS	7,910^-27
Ag2S	1,210^-50	CoCO3	810^-13
Ag2SO4	1,210^-5	CoC2O4	410^-8
Al(OH)3	3,710^-15	Co(OH)2 (havorang)	6,310^-15
AlPO4	1,710^-19	Co(OH)2 (pushti)	210^-16
AuCl	210^-13	Co(OH)3	410^-45
AuCl3	3,210^-25	CoS ()	410^-21
AuJ	1,610^-23	CoS ()	410^-25
AuJ3	110^-46	Cr(OH)2	110^-17
BaCO3	4,910^-9	Cr(OH)3 (Cr^3++3OH^-)	6,310^-31
BaC2O4	1,110^-7	CrPO4	110^-17
BaCrO4	1,210^-10	CuBr	5,2510^-9
Ba(OH)2	510^-3	CuCN	3,210^-30
Ba3(PO4)2	610^-39	CuCNS	4,810^-15
BaSO3	810^-7	CuCO3	2,510^-10
BaSO4	1,110^-10	CuC2O4	310^-8
Bi(OH)3	3,210^-40	CuCl	1,210^-6
BiPO4	1,310^-23	CuCrO4	3,610^-6
Bi2S3	1,310^-97	Cu2[Fe(CN)6]	1,310^-16
CaCO3	4,810^-9	CuJ	1,110^-12
CaC2O4	2,310^-9	Cu(OH)2	510^-30
CaCrO4	7,110^-4	CuS	6,310^-36
CaF2	410^-11	Cu2S	2,510^-48
CaHPO4	2,710^-7	FeCO3	3,4710^-11
Ca(H2PO4)2	110^-3	FeC2O4	210^-7

3-ilovaning davomi

Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3	310^-41	MnS (yashil)	2,510^-13
Fe(OH)2 (Fe^2++2OH^-)	110^-15	Na3AlF6	4,110^-10
Fe(OH)3 (Fe^3++3OH^-)	3,210^-38	NaSb(OH)6	410^-8
FePO4	1,310^-22	NiCO3	6,610^-9
FeS	510^-18	Ni2[Fe(CN)6]	1,310^-15
FeS2	6,310^-31	Ni(OH)2 (yangi)	210^-15
Hg2Br2	5,810^-23	Ni(OH)2 (yetilgan)	6,310^-18
Hg2CO3	8,910^-17	NiS ()	3,210^-19
Hg2C2O4	110^-13	NiS ()	110^-24
Hg2Cl2	1,310^-18	NiS ()	210^-26
Hg2CrO4	510^-9	PbBr2	9,110^-6
HgO (Hg^2++2OH^-)	310^-26	PbCO3	110^-13
HgS (qora)	1,610^-52	PbC2O4	8,310^-12
HgS (qizil)	410^-53	PbCl2	1,610^-5
KClO4	1,110^-2	PbCrO4	1,810^-14
K3[Co(NO2)6]	4310^-10	PbF2	2,710^-8
K2Na[Co(NO2)6]	2210^-11	PbJ2	1,110^-9
KJO4	8310^-4	Pb(OH)2	1,110^-20
K2PtCl4	810^-3	PbS	2,510^-27
K2PtCl6	1,610^-6	PbSO4	1,610^-8
Li2CO3	410^-3	Sb2O3	410^-42
LiF	3,810^-3	Sb2S3	7,910^-18
LiOH	410^-2	Sn(OH)2	6,310^-27
Li3PO4	3,210^-9	Sn(OH)4	110^-57
MgCO3	410^-5	SnS	110^-25
MgC2O4	8,610^-5	SrCO3	1,110^-10
MgF2	6,510^-9	SrC2O4	5,610^-8
Mg(OH)2 (yangi)	610^-10	SrCrO4	3,610^-5
Mg(OH)2 (yetilgan)	1,810^-11	Sr(OH)2	3,210^-4
MnCO3	1,810^-11	Sr3(PO4)2	110^-31
MnC2O4	110^-15	SrSO3	410^-8
Mn(OH)2	4,510^-13	SrSO4	3,210^-7
Mn(OH)3	110^-36	ZnS 	1,610^-24
MnS (badan rangli)	2,510^-10	ZnS 	2,510^-22

4-ilova

Moddalar hosil bo'lishining standart entalpiyasi va standart

entropiyasi (298,15 K)

Modda	H^o kJ/mol	S^o, J/(Kmol)	Modda	H^o kJ/mol	S^o, J/Kmol
AgCl	-127	96	Fe3C	+24	108
AgNO3	-124	141	Fe3O4	-1118	146
Al4C3	-208	89	FeO	-266	57
AlCl3 (g)	-583	322	Fe2O3	-824	87
Al2O3	-1675	51	FeS	-101	60
Al(OH)3	-1295	70	FeS2	-174	53
Al2(SO4)3	-3441	239	H(g)	+218	115
BaCO3	-1201	112	H2(g)	0	131
BaF2	-1192	96	HBr(g)	-36	199
BaO	-538	70	HCN(s)	+110	113
BaSO4	-1458	132	HCl(g)	-92	187
CH4(g)	-75	186	HClO4(s)	-41	188
C2H6(g)	-233	230	HClO4H2O	-343	-
C2H4(g)	-52	220	HF(g)	-271	174
C2H2(g)	+226	200	HJ(g)	+24	206
CH3OHc	-239	127	HNO3(s)	-174	156
CH3OHg	-201	240	H2O(g)	-242	189
C2H5OHc	-278	161	H2O(s)	-286	70
C2H5OHg	-235	282	H2O2(g)	-137	233
CH3COOHc	-248	200	H2O2(s)	-187	110
CO(g)	-110	198	H3PO4(s)	-1267	201
CO2(g)	-393	214	H2S(g)	-21	206
COF2(g)	-635	258	H2SO4(g)	-744	301
CS2(g)	+117	238	H2SO4(s)	-814	157
CS2(s)	+88	151	H2SO4H2O	-1128	212
CaC2	-62	70	H2Se(g)	+30	219
CaCO3	-1207	92	H2Te(g)	+99	229
CaH2	-175	42	HgCl2	-225	146
CaO	-635	40	KCl	-437	82
Ca(OH)2	-985	83	KClO3	-399	143
Ca3(PO4)2	-4125	236	KClO4	-433	151
CdS	-152	68	KF	-569	67
Cl2(g)	0	223	K2O	-363	94
ClO2(g)	+104	257	K2O2	-440	120
Cl2O7(g)	+287	565	KOH	-425	79
Cr2O3	-1141	81	Li3N	-198	38
Cu2CO3(OH)2	-1048	222	Li2O	-599	38
CuCl2	-216	108	MgCO3	-1096	66
CuO	-156	43	MgO	-601	27
Cu2O	-171	92	Mg(NO3)2	-790	164

4-ilovaning davomi

F2(g)	0	203	MnO2	-520	53
N2(g)	0	192	Na2O	-418	75
NH3(g)	-46	192	NaOH	-425	64
N2H4(g)	+95	238	Na2S	-372	77
N2H4(s)	+50	122	Na2SO3	-1090	146
NH4Cl	-315	95	Na2SO4	-1388	149
(NH4)2CrO4	-1287	173	O(g)	+249	161
(NH4)2Cr2O7	-1808	-	O2(g)	0	205
NH4NO2	-238	254	O3(g)	+143	239
NH4NO3	-366	151	P	0	41
(NH4)2SO4	-1181	220	P2(g)	+144	218
NO(g)	+91	211	P4(g)	+60	280
NO2(g)	+33	240	P4O10	-2984	229
N2O(g)	+82	220	Pb(NO3)2	-447	213
N2O3(g)	+83	312	PbO	-219	66
N2O4(s)	-19	209	PbO2	-277	72
N2O5(g)	+11	356	PbS	-101	91
Na2CO3	-1132	135	PbSO4	-920	149
Na2CO310H2O	-4083	565	S	0	32
NaCl	-411	72	S2(g)	+128	228
NaF	-577	51	S3(g)	+102	431
NaHCO3	-914	102	SO2(g)	-297	248
Na2HPO4	-1755	150	SO3(g)	-396	257
NaHSO4	-1132	125	SO3	-455	52

5-ilova

Ayrim oksidlanish-qaytarilish juftlarining suvli eritmalardagi normal potensiallari (25 ^oC)

Oksidlanish-qaytarilish jufti	Eo	Oksidlanish-qaytarilish jufti	Eo
Ag^+/Ag	+0,799	NO2^-,H^+/N2O,H2O	+1,231
Al^3+/Al	-1,700	NO3^-,H^+(suyuq)/NO,H2O	+0,955
Au^3+/Au	+1,498	NO3^-,H^+/NO2^-,H2O	+0,838
Ba^2+/Ba	-2,905	NO3^-,H^+(kon.)/NO2,H2O	+0,772
Br2/Br^-	+1,087	NO3^-,H^+/N2O,H2O	+1,116
BrO3^-,H2O/Br2,OH^-	+0,517	N2O,H^+/N2,H2O	+1,756
BrO3^-,H2O/BrO^-,OH^-	+0,538	N2O,H^+/NH4^+,H2O	+0,644
BrO4^-,H^+/BrO3^-,H2O	+1,763	Na^+/Na	-2,711
Ca^2+/Ca	-2,864	Na2O2,H2O/OH^-,Na^+	+1,204
Cl2/Cl^-	+1,358	O2,H2O/H2O2	+0,694
ClO^-,H2O/Cl2,OH^-	+0,482	O2,H2O/HO2^-,OH^-	-0,076
ClO2^-,H2O/ClO^-,OH^-	+0,681	O2,H2O/OH^-	+0,401
ClO3^-,H2O/Cl2,OH^-	+0,476	Pb^2+/Pb	-0,126
ClO3^-,H2O/ClO^-,OH^-	+0,475	Pb^4+/ Pb^2+	+1,800
ClO3^-,H2O/ClO2^-,OH^-	+0,268	Pb^4+/ Pb	+0,840
Cr^2+/Cr	-0,852	PbCl2/Pb,2Cl^-	-0,266
CrO4^2-,H2O/Cr(OH)3,OH^-	-0,125	PbBr2/Pb,2Br^-	-0,274
Cr2O7^2-,H^+/Cr^3+,H2O	+1,333	PbJ2/Pb,2J^-	-0,364
Cs^+/Cs	-2,923	PbO2,H^+/Pb^2+,2H2O	+1,455
Cu^2+/Cu	+0,338	PbO2,4H^+,SO4^2-/PbSO4,H2O	+1,680
Fe^2+/Fe	-0,441	Pd^2+/Pd	+0,987
Fe^3+/Fe^2+	+0,771	Pt^2+/Pt	~+1,2
H^+/H2	0,000	Ra^2+/Ra	-2,920
HNO2,H^+/N2O,H2O	+1,302	Rb^+/Rb	-2,930
H2O/H2,OH^-	-0,828	S/S^2-	-0,480
H2O2,H^+/H2O	+1,764	S,2H^+/H2S	+0,140
Hg^2+/Hg	+0,852	S4O6^2-/2S2O3^2-	+0,090
J2/J^-	+0,535	S2O3^2-,6H^+/2S,3H2O	+0,500
JO3^-,H2O/J2,OH^-	+0,196	2H2SO3,2H^+/S2O3^2-,3H2O	+0,400
K^+/K	-2,924	2SO3^2-,3H2O/S2O3^2-,6OH^-	-0,580
Li^+/Li	-3,045	2H2SO3,H^+/HS2O4^-,2H2O	-0,080
Mg^2+/Mg	-2,370	2SO3^2-,3H2O/S2O4^2-,4OH^-	-1,120
Mn^2+/Mn	-1,192	S2O8^2-/2SO4^2-	+2,000
Mn^3+/Mn^2+	+1,499	SbO2-,2H2O/Sb,4OH^-	-0,675
MnO2,H2O/Mn^2+,H2O	+1,239	Sc^3+/Sc	-2,080
MnO4^2-,H2O/MnO2,OH^-	+0,652	Se,2H^+/H2Se	-0,400
MnO4^-,H^+/Mn^2+,H2O	+1,531	Si,4H^+/SiH4	+0,100
MnO4^-,H^+/MnO2,H2O	+1,725	SiO3^2-,3H2O/Si,6OH^-	-1,700
MnO4^-/ MnO4^2-	+0,558	Sn^2+/Sn	-0,140
NO2^-,H^+/N2,H2O	+1,514	Sn^4+/Sn^2+	+0,150
NO2^-,H^+/NO,H2O	+1,203	Sn^4+/Sn	+0,010
5-ilovaning davomi
Sr^2+/Sr	-2,890	U^3+/U	-1,800
Te/Te^2-	-1,140	V^2+/V	~-1,20
TiO2,4H^+/Ti,2H2O	-0,860	V^3+/V^2+	-0,255
Ti^3+/Ti^2+	-0,370	VO2^+,4H^+/V^2+,2H2O	+0,360

6-ilova