"O Commander"
, said Khalid to Abu Ubaidah,
"send for all the commanders of
regiments and tell them to listen to what I have to say."
1
Abu Ubaidah got the point. He himself could wish for nothing better. He at once sent an
officer to call the regimental and corps commanders to his headquarters; and the officer
rode to all the commanders, conveying the message:
"Abu Ubaidah commands that you
listen to whatever Khalid says and obey his orders."
2
The officers understood the
meaning of the message and gathered at the headquarters to receive the orders of Khalid.
On this tactful note the command of the army was taken over by Khalid, and everyone
was satisfied with the arrangement.
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Abu Ubaidah remained the nominal commander and somewhat more than that. He
continued to deal with matters of administration, led the prayers and saw to various other
details of command. He also gave certain orders when his ideas did not clash with the
plans and orders of Khalid. But for the purpose of battle, Khalid was now the commander
of the Muslim army in Syria, and would remain so until this battle was over.
Khalid immediately set about the reorganization of the army into infantry and cavalry
regiments within each corps. The army consisted of 40,000 men, of which about 10,000
was cavalry. This force was now organised by Khalid into 36 infantry regiments of 800 to
900 men each, three cavalry regiments of 2,000 horses each and the Mobile Guard of
4,000 horsemen. The commanders of the cavalry regiments were Qais bin Hubaira,
Maisara bin Masruq and Amir bin Tufail. Each of the four corps had nine infantry
regiments, which were all reformed on a tribal and clan basis, so that every man would
fight next to well-known comrades. Much of Khalid's corps of Iraq was absorbed in the
other four corps, while the best of it remained with him as the Mobile Guard.
The army was deployed on a front of 11 miles corresponding roughly to the front of the
Roman army. The army's left rested on the Yarmuk River, a mile forward of where the
ravine began, while it's right lay on the Jabiya road.
3
On the left stood the corps of
Yazeed and on the right the corps of Amr bin Al Aas, and each of these flanking corps
commanders was given a cavalry regiment under command. The centre was formed by
the corps of Abu Ubaidah (left) and Shurahbil (right). Among the regimental
commanders of Abu Ubaidah were Ikrimah bin Abi Jahl and Abdur-Rahman bin Khalid.
Behind the centre stood the Mobile Guard and one cavalry regiment as a central reserve
for employment on the orders of Khalid. At any time when Khalid was busy with the
conduct of the battle as a whole, Dhiraar would command the Mobile Guard. Each corps
pushed out a line of scouts to keep the Romans under observation. (For the dispositions
of the two armies, see Map 20 below)
Compared with the Romans, the Muslim army formed a thin line, only three ranks deep,
but there were no gaps in the ranks which stretched in unbroken lines from edge to edge.
All the spears available in the army were issued to the front rank, and in battle the men
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would stand with the long spears at the ready, making it impossible for an assailant to get
to grips without braving the frightening points of the spears. The archers, most of whom
were Yemenis, stood interspersed in the front rank. On the first approach of the enemy
the archers would open up and bring down as many of the Romans as possible. As the
assailants clashed with the Muslims, they would be killed with spears, and thereafter the
men would draw their swords.
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