On hearing of the Muslim operations at Baisan and Tabariya, Heraclius surmised that the
Muslims had chosen Jordan and Palestine as their next strategic objectives and were not
interested in Northern Syria. He also heard that only a weak corps of the Muslim army
remained at Damascus, and this corps was showing no sign of aggressive intent. He
therefore determined to retake Damascus rapidly. With this object in view he sent a
Roman force under a general named Theodorus to fight and defeat the Muslim garrison in
Damascus and re-occupy the city. This force set off from Antioch, and moving via
Beirut, approached Damascus from the west. This movement, however, had hardly begun
when Heraclius was informed that Abu Ubaidah and Khalid had left Fahl and were
moving north again. They would arrive at Damascus at about the same time as
Theodorus, and the Romans would then not have a chance to retake the city. To
strengthen the Roman force, Heraclius ordered the detachment of a part of the large
garrison of Emessa to reinforce Theodorus. This detachment, under the command of
Shans, marched from Emessa on the direct route to Damascus.
The Muslims arrived at Marj-ur-Rum to find Theodorus waiting for them. On the same
day Shans also arrived from Emessa and the two armies deployed in battle formation
facing each other. In this deployment Abu Ubaidah stood opposite Shans while Khalid
stood opposite Theodorus. The strength of the Roman forces here is not known, but it
may be assumed that it amounted roughly to two strong corps. It could not have been
much less otherwise it is doubtful if the Romans would have accepted battle with the two
Muslim corps facing them. For the rest of the day the two armies remained in their battle
positions, each waiting for the other to make the first move.
As night fell, Theodorus decided to carry out a skilful strategical manoeuvre. Leaving
Shans to face the Muslims, he pulled back his corps under cover of darkness, moved it
round the flank of Khalid and by dawn on the next day arrived Damascus. His intention
was to keep the main Muslim army busy at Marj-ur-Rum with the corps of Shans, while
with his own corps he quickly destroyed the Muslim garrison of Damascus. It was a very
clever plan, and the movement was carried out with such perfect organization that it was
not until the latter part of the night that the Muslims came to know that half the Roman
army facing them was no longer there.
At Damascus, Yazeed's scouts brought word at dawn of the coming of the Romans. On
receiving this news, Yazeed immediately deployed his small corps outside the fort facing
south-west. Feeling more at home in the open and unused to being besieged in a fort, the
Muslims preferred to fight in the plain rather than in the city. Just after sunrise began the
battle between Theodorus and Yazeed and soon the Muslims found themselves hard
pressed, for the Roman force vastly outnumbered them. But they held their own till about
mid-morning. Then, just as the situation had become desperate for Yazeed, the Romans
were struck in the rear by a furious mass of Muslim horsemen. This was the corps of Iraq,
spearheaded by the Mobile Guard. In a very short time Khalid and his fearless veterans,
attacking from the rear, had chopped the Roman corps to pieces. Few Romans escaped
the slaughter, and Khalid killed Theodorus in a duel. A large amount of booty, mainly
weapons and armour, fell into Muslim hands and was shared by the warriors of Khalid
and Yazeed, except for the usual one-fifth reserved for Madinah.
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