river and began its advance towards Fahl, intending to surprise the Muslims in their
camps at night.
But the Muslims had not relaxed their guard. Shurahbil was a watchful general and had
deployed the Muslim camp to correspond to the battle positions of the corps, and kept a
large portion of each corps in its battle positions during the night. He had also placed a
screen of scouts along the marsh to watch and report any movement by the Romans
towards Fahl. Thus, as the Romans neared Fahl, they found an army, not resting in its
camp, but formed up in battle array. Immediately on contact the battle began.
The two armies fought all night and the whole of the next day-January 24, 635. The
Muslim army remained on the defensive and beat off all attempts by the Romans to break
through, during one of which Saqalar was killed. By the time darkness had set in again,
the Romans decided that they had had enough. They had suffered heavily at the hands of
the Muslims, who had stood like a wall of steel in their path; and this wall had not been
breached at a single place. Under cover of darkness the Romans disengaged and began to
withdraw across the marsh towards Baisan.
This was the moment that Shurahbil was waiting for. He had fought the Romans until
they were exhausted, and suffering from the adverse psychological impact of repeated
repulses, had started to withdraw. Now was the time to launch the counterstroke.
Shurahbil ordered the advance; and in the darkness, the desert-dwellers leapt upon the
backs of the Romans!
This time the Roman 'traffic control plan' failed. Thousands of them were lost in the
marsh, and as the screaming masses of the Muslims came after them, they gave way to
panic and lost all order and cohesion. The Muslims set to with gusto to finish this army
and played havoc with their terrified enemy. About 10,000 Romans perished in the Battle
of Fahl, which is also known in Muslim history as the Battle of Mud.
1
Some of the
Romans arrived safely at Baisan while others, fleeing for their lives in total disorder,
dispersed in all directions.
With the defeat of this Roman army, the Muslim army also broke up. Abu Ubaidah and
Khalid remained at Fahl, whence they would shortly set out for Damascus and Northern
Syria. Shurahbil, with Amr bin Al Aas under command, crossed the marsh and the river,
routes through which had now been found, and laid siege to Baisan. After a few days the
Romans in the fort made a sally but were slaughtered by Shurahbil. Soon after this sally
Baisan surrendered and agreed to pay the Jizya and certain taxes. Shurahbil then went on
to Tabariya, which also surrendered on similar terms. This last action was over before the
end of February 635 (Dhul Haj, 13 Hijri). There was now no opposition left in the inland
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