1.
Tabari: Vol. 2, p. 610.
Page 4
When his men had been formed up for battle, Khalid rode along the front, checking units
and urging his warriors to fight in the way of Allah. In the few words that he said to each
unit, he laid emphasis on concentrating their efforts in time and attacking as one man.
"When you use your bows,"
he said,
"let the arrows fly from your bows as if shot by a
single bow to land like a swarm of locusts on the enemy."
He even spoke to the women in
the camp and told them to be prepared to defend themselves against any Romans who
might break through the Muslim front. They assured him that this was the least that they
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could do, considering that they had not been allowed to fight in the forefront of the
Muslim army!
Forming their positions took the two armies a couple of hours. When all was in readiness,
an old bishop wearing a black hat emerged from the Roman centre, walked up half-way
towards the Muslim army and called out in perfect Arabic,
"Which of you will come forth
and talk with me?"
Muslims have no priests; and in those days the commander himself acted as the
Imam
1
of the army. Hence Khalid rode forward, and the bishop asked,
"Are you the commander
of this army?"
Khalid replied,
"So they regard me as long as I obey Allah and follow the
example of His Prophet; but if I fail in this, I have no command over them and no right to
be obeyed."
The bishop thought for a moment, then remarked,
"It is thus that you conquer
us."
He then continued:
"Know, O Arab, that you have invaded a land which no king dares to
enter. The Persians entered it and returned dismayed. Others also came and fought with
their lives, but could not attain what they sought. You have won over us up till now, but
victory does not belong permanently to you"
"My master, Wardan, is inclined to be generous with you. He has sent me to tell you that
if you take your army away from this land, he will give each of your men a dinar, a robe
and a turban; and for you there will be a hundred dinars and a hundred robes and a
hundred turbans."
"Lo, We have an army numerous as the atoms, and it is not like the armies that you have
met before. With this army Caesar has sent his mightiest generals and his most illustrious
bishops."
2
In reply Khalid offered the usual three alternatives; Islam, the Jizya or the sword. Without
the satisfaction of one of these alternatives the Muslims would not leave Syria. As for the
dinars and the fine clothes, Khalid pointed out that the Muslims would soon possess them
anyway, by right of conquest!
With this reply, the bishop returned and informed Wardan of his talks. The Roman
commander was furious and swore that he would crush the Muslims with one all-
destroying attack.
Wardan now ordered a line of archers and slingers to be positioned ahead of the Roman
front within range of the Muslim army. As this line formed up, Muadh the commander of
the Muslim centre, began to order his men to attack, but was stopped by Khalid who
stood nearby.
"Not till I give the order"
said Khalid.
"And not till the sun has passed its
zenith."
3
Muadh had wished to attack because the Roman archers, with their better bows,
outranged the Muslim bows and to the slingers the Muslims had no effective counter. The
only way to deal with the situation would be to get closer to the Romans-to come to grips.
But Khalid did not wish to risk a reverse by launching a premature attack against the
well-formed legions of the Romans. Thus a couple of hours before noon, the battle began
with the action of the Roman archers and slingers.
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