Arab had no difficulty in entering the Muslim camp, as he was taken for a Muslim. The
following day he slipped out and returned to Qubuqlar, who questioned him about the
Muslims,
"By night they are like monks, by day like warriors"
, said the spy.
"If the son of
their ruler were to commit theft, they would cut off his hand; and if he were to commit
adultery, they would stone him to death. Thus they establish righteousness among
themselves."
"If what you say be true"
, remarked Qubuqlar,
"it would be better to be in the belly of the
earth than to meet such a people upon its surface. I wish it were my portion from Allah to
stay away from them, so that He would not have to help either me against them or them
against me."
1
Wardan, the Commander-in-Chief, was full of fight; but Qubuqlar had lost his nerve.
Early in the morning of July 30, 634 (the 28th of Jamadi-ul-Awwal, 13 Hijri), as the men
finished their morning prayers, Khalid ordered the move to battle positions, detailed
instructions for which had been given the day before. The Muslims moved forward and
formed up for battle on the plain a few hundred yards ahead of the camp. Khalid
deployed his army facing west on a front of about 5 miles, stretched sufficiently to
prevent the more numerous Roman army from overlapping his flanks. The army was
deployed with a centre and two strong wings. On either side of the army, next to the
wing, as an extension of the front, was positioned a flank guard to counter any Roman
attempt to envelop the Muslim flanks or to outflank their position entirely.
The centre was placed under Muadh bin Jabal, the left wing under Saeed bin Amir and
the right wing under Abdur-Rahman, the Caliph's son. We also know that the left flank
guard was commanded by Shurahbil, but the name of the commander of the right flank
guard is not recorded. Behind the centre, Khalid placed 4,000 men under Yazeed, as a
reserve and for the close protection of the Muslim camp in which the women and
children stayed. Khalid's place was near the centre, where he kept a number of officers
near him to be used as champions or as commanders of groups needed for any specific
task in battle. These included Amr bin Al Aas, Dhiraar, Raafe and Umar's son, Abdullah.
When the Romans saw the Muslims moving, they also rushed out and began to form up
in their battle positions about half a mile from the Muslim front line. They formed up on
about the same frontage, but had much greater depth in their dispositions, the detailed
layout of which is not known. Wardan and Qubuqlar stood surrounded by their
bodyguards in the centre. The massive formations of the Romans, carrying large crosses
and banners, were an awe-inspiring sight.
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