Chapter 8: Extradition and Abduction
219
should not concern itself with acts that occurred in a foreign country. In
Sinclair v
HM Advocate,
229
the High Court in Scotland adopted a similar approach to the same
problem. It held that when a fugitive is brought before a court in Scotland on a valid
warrant, the magistrate has jurisdiction, and is bound to exercise it without any
consideration of the means which have been used to bring him from the foreign
country into the jurisdiction.
230
Courts in the UK continued to support the traditional
rule and in
O/C Depot Battalion, RASC, Colchester ex p Elliott,
231
Lord Goddard CJ
observed that Lord McLaren’s speech in
Sinclair
:
…
is a perfectly clear and unambiguous statement of the law administered in Scotland.
It shows that the law of both countries is exactly the same on this point and that we
have no power to go into the question, once a prisoner is in lawful custody in this
country, of the circumstances in which he may be brought here.
However, in an apparent
volte face,
the court, in
Ex p Mackeson,
232
and in
Ex p Healy
233
considered it did have the power to inquire into the manner in which the accused
had been brought within the jurisdiction and could, at its discretion, stay proceedings.
After some consideration of the authorities, Stephen Brown LJ held in
Ex p Driver
234
that
Ex p Mackeson
had been decided
per curiam
and the court reverted to its policy of
non-inquiry into pre-trial irregularity.
In
AG of the Government of Israel v Eichmann,
235
the District Court of Jerusalem noted
that courts in both the UK and the US did not take account of violations of customary
international law when deciding whether to try an accused. In this case, Eichmann
had been abducted from Argentina and brought to Israel for trial for crimes
committed during the Second World War. The District Court found very little
authority to support the proposition that the prosecution should be dismissed on
the ground of unlawful arrest. However, reference was made to the Harvard Research
project
236
which states in Art 16:
In exercising jurisdiction under the Convention, no State shall prosecute or punish
a person who has been brought within its territory or a place subject to its authority
by recourse to measures in violation of international law or international convention
without first obtaining the consent of the State or States whose rights have been
violated by such measures.
The court held that, despite being satisfied that Eichmann had been abducted, it
had jurisdiction to try him for crimes against humanity, a decision that was
subsequently confirmed by the Supreme Court.
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