Views of the art of public speaking. Why do I have a fear of public speaking?

By age twelve months, your child should:

• 
  Demonstrate understanding of 3-50 words
  

By age eighteen months, your child should:

• 
  Have an expressive vocabulary size of 50-100 words
  

By age twenty-four months, your child should:

• 
  Have an expressive vocabulary size of 200-300 words
  
• 
  Demonstrate understanding of single words for out-of-sight objects
  
• 
  Understand two-word relations such as: action-object, agent-object, action-object
  

By age thirty months, your child should:

• 
  Understand and use question forms what, who, where
  

By age thirty-six months, your child should:

• 
  Use and understand why questions
  
• 
  Understand and use spatial terms such as in, on, under
  

By age forty-eight months, your child should:

• 
  Use and understand when and how questions
  
• 
  Understand basic shape words
  
• 
  Understand and use basic size words
  
• 
  Use conjunctions and, because
  

LESSON 1

THEME: Introduction to the subject ,,Oratory and culture of

speech in English’’. Features and stages of science

development

What are oratory skills and why are they important?

Oratory refers to a mastery of public speaking, which requires a variety of strengths

and soft skills, including:

 Stamina

 Charisma

 Empathy

 Confidence

 Communication skills

When you possess strong oratory skills, it enables you to deliver speeches or

presentations in a way that is effective and impactful. This ability is typically prized

by employers regardless of the industry you work in or the position you hold. By

developing and highlighting your oratory skills, you can demonstrate that you are an

asset to the organization you work for. Here are some tips that can help you develop

your oratory skills:

1. Study great speeches.

One of the best ways to learn and understand what it takes to

be a successful orator is to read, watch and listen to great

speeches. Pay attention to things like how they:

 Structure sentences to develop an engaging rhythm.

 Choose specific words to create vivid imagery and impact.

 Manipulate their voice to emphasize certain points.

 Pause after certain words or statements for dramatic effect.

2. Practice public speaking.

Confidence is perhaps the most important aspect of effective oration.

To build your confidence, you need to become more comfortable with

standing and speaking in front of an audience. The best way to

accomplish this is through practice. You should rehearse your speech

aloud and find ways to use your oratory skills in realistic environments.

Feeling adequately prepared also plays a big role in confidence, so

devote time to researching the topic and developing your speech. As

you're delivering your speech, remember that nervousness is

completely natural. Breathing deeply and focusing on the audience are

great ways to calm your nervousness and exude confidence.

3. Use your vocal range.

Using a varied voice keeps your audience interested and engaged

throughout your presentation. Explore your range and decide the best

points in your speech for a little inflection. Once you decide the points

where you should alter your tone, incorporate them into your

rehearsal.

4. Understand the importance of nonverbal communication.

Your vocal projection is certainly important, but you need to be aware

of the body language you're using and how it adds to or detracts from

what you're saying. Your nonverbal communication should convey your

ideas without drawing attention to itself. Use your hands and even

walk around the stage, just do so intentionally.

5. Harness the element of surprise.

Your speech needs to be clear and cohesive, but it should also have a certain

level of unpredictability. This keeps your audience's attention and makes your

presentation much more memorable.

Though it's important throughout your speech, you must grab your audience's

attention at the beginning and end of your presentation. Instead of starting your

speech by simply stating what you plan to talk about, use a striking quotation, an

interesting story or a jarring statistic. While concluding, deliver an impactful and

memorable statement or summary.

6. Showcase your personality.

Allowing your personality to come through makes you a more effective

communicator because it enhances your credibility. When the audience can

connect with you and see you as a real person, it fosters a certain level of trust

that benefits your oration.

7. Believe what you're saying.

Speeches and presentations are typically persuasive in nature, regardless of the

topic being talked about. To build trust and successfully persuade your audience,

you must believe in your message as well.

8. Create an outline.

Having an outline instead of a script is a great way to ensure that

you can quickly and easily find your place and refresh your

memory so that you can avoid looking down too frequently or for

too long. Though it's completely fine to look away occasionally,

maintaining eye contact with your audience keeps them focused on

you and your message.

9. Utilize personal anecdotes.

Typically, audiences respond more to emotions rather than logic.

Even if your topic is highly technical or logical, incorporating

personal stories helps your audience connect with you and your

message. Funny anecdotes can be especially beneficial because

they get your audience's attention.

10. Know and respect your audience.

As you are writing your speech, you must think about who you are addressing.

You should consider things like what they already know about the topic and

the kind of language and stories they would likely respond to. Using this

information, you can create a suitable message for your audience that uses or

avoids certain acronyms or technical lingo. Aside from allowing you to tailor

your message so that your audience can connect with and understand it, this

also ensures that you're able to show your audience the respect that they

expect and deserve.

11. Adapt to audience feedback.

Preparation and practice are vital when delivering a speech, but you also need

to maintain a certain level of flexibility. Focus on your audience, watch for their

reactions and then adjust your message so that it meets their needs. For

example, if you make a statement that leaves your audience looking confused,

you can then spend additional time clarifying your point before you move on.

12. Incorporate visual aids.

When used correctly, visual aids can be a great way to

capture an audience's attention, provide clarity about the

topic and enhance your message. They also pose the threat

of becoming distracting if you use them too frequently, so

use them wisely and sparingly.

There are several various skills that make a great public

speaker, some of which include:

1. Body language

2. Connecting with the audience

3. Delivery

4. Interesting presentation

5. Practice

Speak slowly and enunciate

Speak more slowly than you would in normal conversation to ensure

your words are heard clearly. Be careful to articulate your words.

Pause

Include occasional pauses to give the audience a moment to think

about what you’ve just said. A pause can be especially useful right

after you’ve made a point, explained something or asked a question.

(Example: Pause for a moment after asking, “What type of leader do

you think you are?”)

Use the correct tone of voice

Work on your tone of voice. Speak loudly enough for the group to hear.

Use varying pitch to draw the audience in rather than a monotone voice.

Listen to public speakers you admire or popular TED talks to hear

examples of engaging voice modulation.

Use body language effectively

When speaking in public, body language can help support your speech as nonverbal communication.

Keep your shoulders back and spine straight with a gentle smile. Move around the stage calmly,

moving with the flow of your presentation. Avoid standing behind items like desks or tables, but do not

be distracting to the audience by moving too much. Here are some additional body language tips for

public speaking:

 Stand with a relaxed, upright posture. Avoid swaying or rocking back and forth.

 Gesture with your arms and hands to make a point or describe details of your story. (Example: Open your

arms out to the group as you say, “This is something we’ve all experienced at one time or another.”)

 Move to different areas of the stage occasionally without turning your back on the audience. If you’re at a

podium, angle your head and body toward different parts of the audience as you speak.

 Match your facial expression and overall energy to the tone of what you’re saying. For most professional

presentations, you want to exude a pleasant, energetic disposition.

Aspeech is more than a set of spoken words. It’s a combination of the

speaker, the context, the language, and these things working together

can make it far greater than the sum of its parts. In that vein, we

compiled some of the greatest public speakers of all time, people

whose words changed the course of societies and defined eras.

Winston Churchill

When Paris fell to the Nazis on June 14, 1940, England began to steel itself for the brunt of the

Axis powers on the Western front. Winston Churchill, who had taken over as prime minister

just a month prior, delivered his famous “Our Finest Hour” to a country bracing itself for fullscale attack. In 1953, Churchill was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, in part for his

speeches, which he wrote himself.

In his history of World War II entitled “The Storm of War,” Andrew Roberts writes:

“Winston Churchill managed to combine the most magnificent use of English — usually short

words, Anglo-Saxon words, Shakespearean. And also this incredibly powerful delivery. And

he did it at a time when the world was in such peril from Nazism, that every word mattered.”

John F. Kennedy

Few speeches are as oft quoted as John F. Kennedy’s inaugural

address, which he spent months writing. Kennedy’s ability to speak

as if he was having an authentic conversation with an audience, as

opposed to lecturing to them, is one quality that made him such a

compelling communicator.

Socrates

Standing accused of crimes including corrupting the youth of Athens, Socrates had a choice:

defer and apologize to his accusers for his alleged crimes, or reformulate their scattered

accusations into proper legal form (thereby embarrassing his accusers) and deliver an exhaustive

defense of the pursuit of truth, apologizing for nothing. He chose the latter and was sentenced to

death. Part of Socrates’ “Apology” includes:

“How you have felt, O men of Athens, at hearing the speeches of my accusers, I cannot tell; but

I know that their persuasive words almost made me forget who I was – such was the effect of

them; and yet they have hardly spoken a word of truth. But many as their falsehoods were,

there was one of them which quite amazed me; – I mean when they told you to be upon your

guard, and not to let yourselves be deceived by the force of my eloquence.”

Adolf Hitler

Hitler was well aware that mastering the art of public speaking was crucial to his

political career. He wrote all of his speeches himself, sometimes editing them

more than five times. He practiced his facial expressions and gestures, and he

was adept at interweaving metaphor and abstract ideas into his speeches about

political policy.

Martin Luther King Jr.

The strong musicality of Martin Luther King Jr.’s rhetoric is perhaps

just as recognizable as the words “not be judged on the color of their

skin, but by the content of their character.” Martin Luther King drew

inspiration from Shakespeare, the bible, his own past speeches, and

numerous civil rights thinkers to write his “I Have a Dream” speech,

one of the most famous of all time.