Stry of higher and secondary specialized education of the republic of uzbekistan ferghana state university

Actuality of course work is considered the study and to analyze the novels and the genres and philosophical features of the works in The Golden Age of Detective Fiction
Aims of course work is to trace influences of Golden Age and hard-boiled detective fiction on the works of Detective fiction of the Golden Age. The age is concerned mainly with the development of the puzzle behind the plot and the planting of clues throughout the story so that the reader can arrive at the right solution to the central crime.
The practical value of the work is to study English literature and genius ideas in The Golden Age of Detective Fiction
The structure of course work: This course paper consists of the introductory , main body , conclusion and the list of used literature.
Introduction covers the actuality, aims, informations, tasks, theoretical and practical importance and the structure .


1.1. Detective Fiction and Its Beginnings
Detective fiction is a distinctive genre of literature which is concerned with a mystery within the story – usually a murder – which is investigated by a detective and which the reader is supposed to solve according to clues presented to them by the author. In her book Talking about Detective Fiction, P. D. James offers a definition of the genre:
What we can expect is a central mysterious crime, usually murder; a closed circle of suspects each with motive, means, and opportunity for the crime; a detective, either amateur or professional, who comes in like an avenging deity to solve it; and, by the end of the book, a solution which the reader should be able to arrive at by logical deduction from clues inserted in the novel with deceptive cunning but essential fairness.
Another definition is provided by W. H. Auden in Julian Symons’s book Bloody Murder: From the Detective Story to the Crime Novel: “The basic formula is this: a murder occurs; many are suspected; all but one suspect, who is the murderer, are eliminated; the murderer is arrested or dies”. These definitions apply largely to the detective story of the so-called Golden Age of detective fiction and not as much to the later developed genres such as the hard-boiled school, but they also apply to the stories of Robert Galbraith. But before all these stories saw the light of day, there were other writers who helped shape the genre as we know it today.
Edgar Allan Poe’s short story The Murders in the Rue Morgue is considered to be the first modern detective story and Poe himself has been called “father of detection”. The story features the first “Great Detective” C. Auguste Dupin, who shares many traits with later Great Detectives such as Sherlock Holmes or Hercule Poirot, and is narrated by a sidekick of the detective, which is another common detective story feature. More importantly, as stated by Heather Worthington in the “From the Newgate Calendar to Sherlock Holmes” chapter of A Companion to Crime Fiction, the story “not only [offers] a rational explanation of a mystery or solution to a crime, but also [sets] in place narrative and thematic patterns that are still apparent in modern crime fiction”. These narratives are “not the straightforward pursuit of the criminal […] but something new – an intelligent analysis of facts that leads to a resolution, a process of inductive thought”. The way Poe makes his Great Detective investigate the crime later becomes a model for the manner in which other Great Detectives work.
The novel which is considered to be the first detective novel written in the English language is Wilkie Collins’s The Moonstone, described by T. S. Eliot as “the first, the longest, and the best” of modern detective novels (James 23). Rather unusually, the central crime is not a murder but a theft of a large diamond. However, it does feature police officers who are just incompetent enough to come to a wrong solution for the crime, which then has to be investigated by an amateur detective. The setting of the story is an isolated house – a trend later seen in many Golden Age detective stories – and the plot includes a number of “red herrings”: clues which are designed to set the reader off their path to the right solution.
Perhaps the best-known detective preceding the detectives of the Golden Age is Sherlock Holmes. As Heather Worthington puts it, “he is the archetypal detective whose influence can still be seen in modern crime fiction and his representation is the culmination of the development of the crime fiction genre over the nineteenth century” . The first story in which he appears is A Study in Scarlet, first published in 1887. In the story, many of the Great Detective’s typical traits, including his fondness for “deduction”, are introduced. Sherlock Holmes is a person of great intellectual ability with little concern for the feelings of others, almost a thinking machine, up to the point that his very name became a synonym for an extremely clever person. The “science of deduction” is a very influential aspect of Doyle’s detective stories because the detectives of the Golden Age, most notably Hercule Poirot, work in a similar manner. Another influential aspect of the stories of Sherlock Holmes is his sidekick, Dr. Watson. Many Golden Age detectives had a friend or colleague who was influenced by the character of Watson, including Hercule Poirot’s Arthur Hastings, Nero Wolfe’s Archie Goodwin (by Rex Stout), or, perhaps a little unusually, Lord Peter Wimsey’s female sidekick (and love interest) Harriet Wane, written by Dorothy L. Sayers, and the sidekick character appears in the novels of Robert Galbraith as well.
Arthur Conan Doyle wrote four novels and fifty-six short stories about Sherlock Holmes and the detective is considered to be “both an end point in the development of crime fiction and a starting point: crime fiction in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries would not be the same without him” .
Detective fiction is one of the most popular literary genres, and has been for centuries, but where did the genre come from? Why did mystery, suspense, and crime fiction become such a huge part of literature and popular culture? And how has the detective genre changed in the past 200+ years?
Detective fiction can be traced back to the 1800s, around the time of the Industrial Revolution. Before this time, most people lived in smaller towns and worked and socialized in closer circles, so people knew everyone they came into contact with for the most part. But with the rise of industrial jobs, more people began moving to cities, which lead to interacting with more strangers on a daily basis, a heightened sense of suspicion and uncertainty, and yes, more crime. It was around this time too where police forces were first established. London’s police force came to be in 1829, and New York City got its police force in 1845. With more people living in cities and crime rates on the rise, the setting was right for detective genres to flourish.
TheMurdersRueMorgue_NovelSuspectsThe first modern detective story is often thought to be Edgar Allan Poe’s The Murders in the Rue Morgue, a short story published in 1841 that introduced the world to private detective Monsieur C. Auguste Dupin. In fact, detective fiction was so new when Dupin entered the literary world that the word “detective” hadn’t even been used in English before.
The first detective novel followed soon after with British author Wilkie Collins’s The Moonstone. The story was first serialized in Charles Dickens’s journal All the Year Round. And in 1868, it was released as a complete novel. This novel is significant not just because it’s the first detective novel, but also because it established many of the classic tropes and attributes of the detective novel. The Moonstone‘s detective character Sergeant Cuff was based on the real-life detective Inspector Jonathan Whicher, one of the first ever detectives of Scotland Yard.
The detective character who really shaped the way we see literary detectives to this day, however, is probably someone you’ve guessed already: Sherlock Holmes. Not only is he the most famous detective character to ever be written, Sherlock Holmes is one of the most popular characters in fiction ever. Holmes was inspired in part on Poe’s detective Dupin, but he was also based on a real man: Dr. Joseph Bell. Bell was a surgeon and lecturer at the University of Edinburgh. Sherlock Holmes author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle met Dr. Bell in 1877, and Doyle has said he modeled Holmes’s quick wit and intelligence off of Bell. The first Sherlock Holmes novel, A Study in Scarlet came out in 1887, and Doyle continued to write Sherlock Holmes novels and short stories until around 1927.
1920 to 1939 came to be known as the Golden Age of Detective Fiction. And the queen of his age was Agatha Christie. During her lifetime, Agatha Christie wrote sixty-six detective novels and fourteen short story collections. Her novel And Then There Were None remains one of the best-selling books of all time, and as of 2018, the Guinness World Records listed Christie as the best-selling fiction writer of all time. Christie is responsible for creating not one but two of the most famous detectives in literary history: Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple. These detective characters remain highly influential to contemporary crime fiction writers.
Christie and other authors from the Golden Age of Detective Fiction have created a legacy of detective novels based on gathering clues and solving crimes as if they were puzzles the reader can solve with the detective. In contemporary literature, this style has evolved into what we now call cozy mysteries.
In response to the Golden Age authors, some American writers began to examine and reconsider the formula for detective fiction. Many people started to think of puzzle-solving crime fiction as too unrealistic and too clean. These authors and their readers were looking for crime novels that were more based in reality and the way real crimes happen. And so the hardboiled detective genre was born. These stories included detectives that were dealing with corrupt cops and organized crime. Hardboiled crime novels create a world where it’s every man for himself, and the detective can trust no one.
While hardboiled detective fiction emerged as early as the 1920s, the detective genre really took off in America in the 1930s-1950s. One of the most popular hardboiled detective novels from this period is Raymond Chandler’s The Big Sleep, the novel that introduced readers to the detective Philip Marlowe. This character would go on to feature in many of Chandler’s short stories and novels. And you’ll find many film adaptations featuring this hardboiled detective as well.
That leads us to where we are today with fictional detectives in contemporary crime fiction. Now, mystery and suspense fiction is more popular than ever. What that means is that there is room for many types of detective genres answering to readers’ specific tastes and interests. If you’re looking for supernatural detective stories, they’re out there. If you enjoy the realism and grittiness of the hardboiled detective genre, it’s still out there. If you want to revisit familiar and beloved detective characters, there are plenty of newer adaptations of classic detectives. For instance, give Sherry Thomas’s Lady Sherlock series a try. It really is a great time to be a mystery reader.
Since this is a short history of the detective story, it will, inevitably, make some pretty glaring omissions. We’d love to hear from detective fiction aficionados in the comments section below, for any other interesting takes on mystery and detective tales.
The first detective story is a hard thing to call. ‘The Three Apples’ in Arabian Nights is sometimes given the honour, but whether this is a detective story even in the loosest sense is questionable, since the protagonist fails to make any effort to solve the crime and find the murderer of the woman. Many say the mantle should go to another tale with a title beginning ‘The Three …’, namely ‘The Three Princes of Serendip’, a medieval Persian fairy tale set on Sri Lanka (Serendip being a Persian name for the island) – the princes are the ‘detectives’ and find the missing camel more by chance (or ‘serendipity’; this word was coined by Horace Walpole, author of the first Gothic novel, and has been in use ever since) than by their powers of reasoning.
The first modern detective story is often said to be Edgar Allan Poe’s ‘The Murders in the Rue Morgue’ (1841) but in fact E. T. A. Hoffmann’s ‘Das Fräulein von Scuderi’ predates it by over twenty years. There is also a story titled ‘The Secret Cell’ from 1837, and written by Poe’s own publisher, William Evans Burton, which predates ‘Rue Morgue’ by a few years and is an early example of a detective story – in the tale, a policeman has to solve the mystery of a kidnapped girl.
Moonstone
The first detective novel is often held to be The Moonstone (1868) by Dickens’s friend and collaborator, Wilkie Collins. However, The Notting Hill Mystery (1862-3) predates it by five years. It was published under a pseudonym; the real author has never been conclusively proved. Some argue that the first detective novel had appeared over a century before: Voltaire’s Zadig (1748) was an influence on Poe in the creation of C. Auguste Dupin. Others mention Dickens’s own novel, Bleak House (1853), as an important book in the formation of the modern detective novel, since it features Inspector Bucket, the policeman who must solve the murder of the lawyer, Tulkinghorn.
Sherlock Holmes is the most famous fictional detective ever created, and has to be one of the most famous fictional characters in the world, alongside Hamlet, Peter Pan, Oedipus (whose history may qualify as the first detective story in all of literature), Heathcliff, Dracula, Frankenstein, and others. Holmes was created, of course, by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, and is largely a mixture of Poe’s Dupin – several of Dupin’s ‘tricks’ even turn up in the Sherlock Holmes stories – and Dr Joseph Bell, a real-life doctor who taught Doyle at the University of Edinburgh when Doyle studied Medicine there. Nobody can decide whether Holmes’s creator should be known as ‘Conan Doyle’ or just ‘Doyle’, by the way. Is Conan a middle name, or part of a (non-hyphenated) double-barrelled surname? The jury’s out.
Sherlock Holmes doesn’t really make deductions: strictly speaking, his reasoning takes the form of induction, which is slightly different. In logic, deduction means drawing conclusions from general statements, whereas induction involves specific examples (the cigarette ash on the client’s clothes, the clay on their boots, etc.). Alternatively, some logicians have also suggested that Holmes’s reasoning is something called abduction, rather than either deduction or induction: abductive reasoning involves forming a hypothesis based on the evidence to hand, which is a rather neat summary of what Holmes does. Perhaps he is a master of abduction, rather than induction (and certainly not of deduction).
Following the success of the Sherlock Holmes stories, and the rise in popularity of the ghost story and horror novel during the late nineteenth century, a new subgenre emerged: the ‘psychic detective’, who solved crimes of a (possibly) supernatural origin, often in a Sherlockian style. Sheridan Le Fanu’s Dr Hesselius is often cited as the first such character, although he doesn’t do much solving himself: most of the time he merely sits in a chair and listens. The most popular character to emerge out of this subgenre was the ‘psychic doctor’ John Silence, created by horror writer Algernon Blackwood. Blackwood’s John Silence: Physician Extraordinary (1908) was the first volume of fiction to be advertised on roadside billboards, and became a bestseller as a result.
In the twentieth century, Endeavour Morse (who was always a Chief Inspector, never plain old ‘Inspector Morse’, despite the title of the television series) was merely one in a long list of Oxford detectives. Some notable detectives who predate him are Lord Peter Wimsey, created by Dorothy L. Sayers, and Oxford professor Gervase Fen, created by ‘Edmund Crispin’, real name Bruce Montgomery, who was a contemporary of Philip Larkin and Kingsley Amis at Oxford during the early 1940s. Crispin has been called one of the last great exponents of the classic detective novel. Montgomery was a skilled painter and composer, too: among other achievements, he composed the musical scores for numerous Carry On films.
The most popular writer of detective fiction of all time is probably Agatha Christie – and there are so many fascinating Agatha Christie facts that we’ve dealt with her in a separate post. To learn more about classic detective stories, discover these 10 great rivals of Sherlock Holmes and the forgotten author of this comic crime novel from the genre’s golden age.