«geodeziya-ii» fanidan amaliy topshiriqlarni bajarish uchun



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M E T O D I K K O’ R S A T M A 2021

Amaliy ishning maqsadi: Amaliy mashg’ulotda – Geodezik to`rtburchakni sodda usulda tenglashtirish va punktlar koordinatalarini hisoblashni o’rganish uchun olingan boshlang‘ich bilimlarini mustahkamlashlarida o‘qituvchi tomonidan amaliy ko‘rsatma va tavsiyalar berib borishdan iboratdir.
Amaliy ishning vazifasi: Ushbu mashg’ulot – geodezik to`rtburchakni sodda usulda tenglashtirish va punktlar koordinatalarini hisoblashni o’rganishdan iboratdir.
Bunda talabalarga qo‘yiladigan asosiy, ya’ni talabalarning bilishi zarur bo‘lgan va bajara olishi shart bo‘lgan talablar mavjud.
1. Talabalar bilishi zarur:
- Geodezik to‘rtburchakni soddalashtirilgan usulda tenglashtirishni ketma-ketlikda bajarilish tartibini;
- shakllar sharti uchun tuzatmalarning shartli tenglamalari tuzishni bilishlari kerak.
2. Talabalar bajara olishi shart:
- soddalashtirilgan usulda tenglashtirishni;
- tuzatilgan koordinatalarni hisoblashni bajara olishi kerak.


Amaliy ishini bajarish uchun asosiy ma’lumotlar:
Umuman tenglashtirish deyilganda kattaliklarning o‘lchangan qiymatlarini nazariy qiymatlarga mos keltirish tushuniladi.
Tenglashtirish soddalashtirilgan va qat’iy usullarda bajarilishi mumkin. Soddalashtirilgan usulda xam tenglashtirish qisman eng kichik kvadratlar prinsipi asosida olib boriladi, biroq xisoblash jarayonini qisqartirish maqsadida ba’zi bir soddalashtirishlarga yo‘l qo‘yiladi.
A) Soddalashtirilgan usulda tenglashtirish
Geodezik to‘rtburchakni soddalashtirilgan usulda tenglashtirish kuyidagi ketma-ketlikda bajariladi:
a) shakllar sharti uchun tuzatmalarning shartli tenglamalari tuziladi.
( 1 ) + ( 2 ) - ( 5 ) - ( 6 ) + W1 = 0;
( 3 ) + ( 4 ) - ( 7 ) - ( 8 ) + W2 = 0;
( 1 ) + ( 2 ) + ( 3 ) + ( 4 ) + ( 5 ) + ( 6 ) + ( 7 ) + ( 8 ) + W3 = 0;

b) shakllar sharti uchun tuzatmalar


shartli tenglamalarining ozod xadlari aniqlanadi
W1 = 1 + 2 - 5 - 6;
W2 = 3 + 4 – 7- 8;
W3 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 - 360o;
v) birlamchi tuzatmalar kuyidagi formulalar bilan
topiladi va ular shartli tenglamalarga qo‘yilib tekshiriladi.

g) birlamchi tuzatmalar keltirilgan burchaklarga kiritiladi va tuzatilgan burchaklar bo‘yicha burchak sinuslari logarifmlari, burchak 1'' ga orttirilganda burchak sinusi logarifmlarini o‘zgarishi δ, qutb shartli tenglamasining ozod xadi Wk aniqlanadi.

d) ikkilamchi tuzatmalar kuyidagi formula bilan aniklanadi.

e) ikkilamchi tuzatmalar birlamchi tuzatmalar bilan tuzatilgan burchaklarga kiritilib, burchaklarning tenglashtirilgan qiymatlari topiladi. Tenglashtirilgan burchaklar sinuslarining logarifmlari kuyidagi shartni qanoatlantirishi kerak.

ya’ni qutb shartli tenglamasining ozod xadi nolga teng bo‘lishi kerak. Uning noldan farqi logarifmning oltinchi xonasida 10 (ettinchi xonasida 100) birlikkacha ruxsat etiladi.
Geodezik to`rtburchakni sodda usulda tenglashtirish natijalari 1- jadvalda keltirilgan.


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