Exploring creativity management of design for additive manufacturing



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Exploring creativity management of design for additive manufacturing

3.2.2. Data collection
Interviews were used as the main data collection method, since it is seen as an efficient approach to 
collect rich empirical data (Eisenhardt & Graebner
2007
). Interviews were conducted at the 
Swedish site of the case company and lasted between 45 and 70 minutes. All eight interviews 
followed the same interview guide, with 18 questions (
Figure 2
) with a focus on exploring how AM 
was approached and experienced in relation to design and qualification aspects. The questions were 
designed to be open-ended, with the opportunity to have a more dynamic and relaxed discussion. 
This was made to ensure that respondents could easily discuss the topic from their personal point of 
view, and to fully capture their own thoughts and feelings regarding adopting AM in their design 
practices.
Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed for analysis. The transcriptions included notes 
on laughter and interruptions as an attempt to include at least a part of the non-verbal reactions that 
otherwise could easily be missed (Kvale & Brinkmann, 
2009
). The non-verbal reactions were then 
used to note hesitations and/or confusion while discussing certain areas, to interpret interests 
amongst respondents. Note that it is mainly the discussions from the second part of the interviews 
(additive manufacturing) that brought insights for this paper.
3.3. Analysis
The analysis followed the three steps of qualitative research as described by Miles and Hubermann 
(
1994
): 
reduction of data, data display 
and 
drawing conclusions 
(
Figure 3
). Since transcriptions 
provided a variety of data related to adopting AM in products designed for space applications, there 
was a need to capture designers discussions specifically related to creativity and AM in design. 
Therefore, to 

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