216
His career as a novelist began in 1900 with
Sister Carrie
,
which he wrote in the intervals between
work for various magazines. The novel tells the story of a small-town girl who moves to Chicago and
eventually becomes a Broadway star in New York City. It also traces the decline and eventual suicide of
her lover. At the start of the story, Carrie travels by train to Chicago, a city of opportunity for not only
country girls like herself, but also for immigrants from all over the world. The Chicago that Carrie finds
offers an abundance of factory jobs for both men and women. In addition, numerous opportunities for
enjoyment of the arts present themselves in the form of theater, opera, symphonies, and so on. Carrie
enjoys the fashionably dressed people around her and her own ownership of the latest styles. The same
prosperity exists in New York City, where Carrie and Hurstwood find themselves at the end of the story.
Yet here, the less fortunate in this materialistic culture appear more obviously, begging on street
corners and seeking refuge in homeless shelters. While upper- and middle-class Americans are
envisioning a future full of promise, those at the lower end of the spectrum are suffering the negative
repercussions of a stratified society. Tragedy describes characters who have survived numerous
struggles only to fail in the end. They fail, however, in such a way as to become heroes and heroines,
evoking sympathy from readers. Dreiser’s Carrie and Hurstwood both portray tragic characters. Carrie
struggles to overcome her meager existence and her naivete. Though she gains security, ease, and a
taste of the finer things in life, Carrie never fully realizes the happiness she seeks. Hurstwood, on the
other hand, represents the average middle-class American struggling to maintain his place in a mercurial
class system. One moment of poor judgment ruins the rest of his life. The tragedy of Hurstwood’s life is
his undeserved punishment.
As a result of public outcry against the novel for its depiction of unrepentant and unpunished
characters and for its frank treatment of sexual issues, the publisher withdrew the book from public
sale.
Dreiser continued writing, however, and he served as managing editor of
Broadway Magazine
from 1906 to 1907 and as editor in chief of Butterick publications from 1907 to 1910. Dreiser took ten
years to publish his next novel,
Jennie Gerhardt
(1911). The heroine of this book is another orphan in the
world, a ‘fallen woman’ who refuses to believe that it is ‘all blind chance’, insisting that ‘there must be
something’, ‘some guiding intelligence’. She has, however, a sterner sense of duty than Carrie Meeber,
which prompts her, among other things, to adopt two orphaned children when her own child dies.
Despite her finer sensibility, however, she is not rewarded any more than Carrie is punished: she
remains an outcast, an outsider at the funeral of her former lover with which the book ends. And,
despite its more traditional moral tenor, this novel too was attacked for its candour and unconventional
subject matter.
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