characteristics of America
Walt Whitman and Washington Irving contributed to the formation of American literature through the
very use of language. Their language served as a positive influence in placing America on its own literary
map. Irving, for example, was one of the most popular and leading names who believed that we should
model a new American identity in fiction. Later, of course, others followed his notion, i.e., the form of satire.
Whitman is commonly accepted to be the first American poet. His use of free verse, different from European
traditions, was used to symbolize America in its expansion, in its freedom, and its refusal to be confined to
rank, custom, power structures, etc.
Both Irving and Whitman, in their own rights, contributed towards the making of literature which was
essentially part of a historical movement overall in America in regard to literature nationalism.
In literary circles, Irving will always be remembered for having created the character of Rip Van
Winkle. His "Rip Van Winkle, a Posthumous Writing of Dietrich Knickerbocker" carved the path for the
influence of the short story in becoming an American literary art form. It was the humor in the form of satire
with which Irving reached his audience. As such, he became the first American writer to acquire
international literary fame. "Rip Van Winkle" is also representative of the beginnings of folklore. At that
period of time America was the leading participant with the short story form. Irving managed to take a
simple story combining the nature of romance and fantasy.
Forty-six years later after Irving's publication of "Rip Van Winkle," Whitman delivers his "When
Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd." The speaker in this poem is very much agonizing over Lincoln's death
as well as over the country's involvement with the Civil War.
Irving's transfer of American literature to Europe announced to the reading public that America could
make its own efforts towards establishing its own form of literary nationalism independent of European
traditions.
Dietrich Knickerbocker, a pen name of Irving's, was a humorous creation of his and his form of satire
just explored more imaginative avenues of writing. He took bits and pieces of reality and made them funny.
The very idea that Rip Van Winkle slept during the whole entire Revolutionary War is creative in itself. Prior
to falling asleep, he was critisized by his wife and he didn't want to work.
In observing the growth of America, Irving wanted to create a new form of literature with his use of
satire taken from the experiences by following current trends. This helped to establish a balance with the
commonalities of literature of his time, i.e., entertain the reader with history.
Whitman, too, was observing America as a growing nation. With his "When Lilacs Last in the
Dooryard Bloom'd," the reader might be quick to realize that it is a poem representative to a well-known
event, and that the effects of the experience are put into the reader's mindset of emotions. Whitman is writing
to the people, and for the people.
With the prose of Irving, humorous literature was introduced. Historical circumstances were linked
into Irving's tale and Irving's style and form were linked into a piece of national identity in America.
With the poetry of Whitman, a new form of serious literature came alive with thought provoking
language-genuine emotional language. More than one major historical event was the basis for Whitman's
language and they both work together to comprise American literature as well as uphold an American nation.
Finally, Irving gave America a
lovable, yet fictional, hero of the community. Whitman reminds
America about one hero who helped to shape it, and other heroes who helped to make it. One is born out of
fantasy and imagination and one is born out of reality and emotion. Both contributed to the makings of
literary nationalism in America.
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