4-mavzu. O’rta asrlar iqtisodiy qarashlari. Merkantilizm iqtisodiy ta’limoti

Consumer sovereignty is crucial in

determining the types and quantities of goods produced.

Consumers spend their income on the goods they are most

willing and able to buy. Through these “dollar votes”

they register their wants in the market. If the dollar votes

for a certain product are great enough to create a profit,

businesses will produce that product and offer it for sale.

In contrast, if the dollar votes do not create sufficient revenues

to cover costs, businesses will not produce the product.

So the consumers are sovereign. They collectively

direct resources to industries that are meeting consumer

wants and away from industries that are not meeting consumer

wants.

The dollar votes of consumers determine not only

which industries will continue to exist but also which

products will survive or fail. Only profitable industries,

firms, and products survive. So firms are not as free to

produce whatever products they wish as one might otherwise

think. Consumers’ buying decisions make the production

of some products profitable and the production of

other products unprofitable, thus restricting the choice of

businesses in deciding what to produce. Businesses must

match their production choices with consumer choices or

else face losses and eventual bankruptcy.

The same holds true for resource suppliers. The employment

of resources derives from the sale of the goods

and services that the resources help produce. Autoworkers

1^ Қаранг: Экономическая теория: Учеб. для студ. высш. учеб. заведений / Под ред. В.Д.Камаева. – 10-е изд., перераб. и доп. - М.: Гуманит. изд. центр ВЛАДОС, 2004, 217-бет.

2^ Каримов И.А. Жаҳон молиявий-иқтисодий инқирози, Ўзбекистон шароитида уни бартараф этишнинг йўллари ва чоралари. – Т.: Ўзбекистон, 2009, 15-б.