1-тема Translation Theory as a Science

Partial conformities.

Absence of conformities.

Complete conformities of form and content in phraseological units are seldomly met. For e.g.: black frost is a phraseme, it is translated into Karakalpak – кара суўық,

to bring oil to fire – it is an idiom, it may be translated into Karakalpak – жалынға май куйыў.

So we see complete coincidence of form and content in phraseological units is very rare. Phraseological units are functionally and semantically inseparable units. They may be non-motivated stable units. According to the motivation academician Vinogradov V.V. classified phraseological units into 3 groups:

1. 
   Phraseological fusions. Such phraseological units are completely non-motivated. For e.g.: to get one’s goat – бир адамды қапа қылыў
   
2. 
   Phraseological unities. These phraseological units are partially motivated. For e.g.: to show one’s teeth – күлиў
   
3. 
   Phraseological collocations. These phraseological units are structurally inseparable and stable units. For e.g.: to take care of – ғамхорлық қылыў.
   

Partial conformities of phraseological units in two languages assume lexical, grammatical and lexico-grammatical differences with identity of meaning and style, i.e. they are figuratively close, but differ in lexical composition, morphologic number and syntactic arrangement of the order of words. One may found:

1. 
   Partial lexic conformities by lexic parameters: to get out of bed on the wrong foot, it is an idiom, may be translated as шеп жақтан турыў
   
2. 
   Partial conformities by the grammatical parameters: to fish in troubled waters, it is an idiom, may be translated as ылай суўда балық услаў.
   

Absence of conformities. Many English phraseological units have no phraseological conformities in Karakalpak and Russian. In the first instance this concerns phraseological units based on realize. When translating units of this kind it is advisable to use the following types of translation:

1. 
   Verbatim word for word translation.
   
2. 
   Translation by analogy.
   
3. 
   Descriptive translation.