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THE UN MISSION IN THE SUDAN (UNMIS) 
The situation in Sudan, having proved that it constitutes a threat to international peace and 
security, the UNSC, by Resolution 1590 of 20
th
March, 2005 decided to establish the 
implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed by the Government of Sudan and 
the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army on 9
th
January, 2005; and to perforn1 certain 
functions relating to humanitarian assistance, and protection and promotion of human rights. 
Acting under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, the UN Security Council also decided that UNMIS 
is authorized to 
take the necessary action 
in the areas of deployment of its forces and as it deem 
fit within its capabilities; protect UN personnel, Facilities, Installations, and Equipments; ensure 
the security and freedom of movement of UN personnel, Humanitarian workers, joint assessment 
mechanism and assessment and evaluation commission personnel, and without prejudice to the 
responsibility of the Government of the Sudan; and protect civilians under imminent threat of 
physical violence. The total strength of up to 10,000 military personnel including some 750 
military observers as well as 715 civilian Police, 1,018 international civilian staff, 2,623 national 
staff and 2 I 4 UN volunteers were authorized. 
UNAMID, currently is authorized to implement the Peace Agreement which among other 
things is geared towards peace in Darfur, through power sharing, which had already begun with 
appointments into the Darfur Regional Council made; Exemptions for all students from Darfur on 
the payment of registration and tuition fees for 2012 academic year; the commencement of 
investigation by the office of the special prosecutor for crimes committed in Darfur has also begun 
in December of2012 among other things (UN S/2013/22**). 
THE UN MISSION IN BURUNDI (ONUB) 
This mission was established in May 2004, as a follow up to AU mission in Burundi 
(AMIB). Acting based on Chapter VII of the UN Charter, the UNSC concerned on the international 
threat to peace and security pose<;l by the Civil war of decades in Burundi, through Resolution 
1545 stepped in to implement the ARUSHA AGREEMENT (Arusha Peace Accord of2001) aimed 
at peace and national reconciliation by Burundians (S/2004/21 0/ Add. I in ibid: 315). 
Judging from the above peacekeeping operations, it's clear that the traditional peacekeeping 
operations have proved that it belonged to the cold war era due to the multi-dimensional nature of 

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to day's intra-state and post cold war conflicts. 
MINUSMA: The UNSC at it 69520d meeting'. Taking note of the letter, dated 25 march 
2013, addressed to the SG by the Transitional Authorities in Mali, which request the deployment 
of a UN Operation to stabilize and restore the authority and the sovereignty of the Malian State 
throughout its national territory' and also, of the letter dated 26 march 2013, addressed to the SG 
by the President of the ECOWAS Commission requesting the transformation of AFISMA into a 
UN stabilization mission and taking note of the communiqué ,dated 7 march 2013, of the AU peace 
and security council, as well as the attached letter dated 7 march 2013 and addressed to SG by the 
AU Commissioner for peace and security, expressing AU support for the transformation of 
AFISMA into a UN Stabilization Operation in Mali...' and under the 35 paragraph UNSCR 2100 
of 25th April, 2013, declared MINUSMA, with paragraph 16 & 17 capturing the operations 
mandate-to stabilize key population centres, especially in the North of Mali, support the 
transitional authorities to extend and re-establish state administration throughout the country and 
so on- in clear terms (Minusma mandate 2013, S/RES/2100(2013).