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6 
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION 
The' Issue' of 'conflict is innate in all social interactions, conflict is any form of 
confrontation between two or more parties resulting from 'a situation where more interdependent 
group or systems of action have incompatible goals' (Diller, 1997:6) of course, it is universally 
acknowledged that conflict is inevitable. It is an every moment occurrence. The belief that conflict 
can be prevented and resolved is part of the zeitgeist of the late 20th, century. Sustainable human 
development, economic growth, security conflict prevention and resolution as well as good 
governance are all intricately intertwined. The emergence of conflict, crisis, violence and war in 
human societies over time' threaten the peaceful co-existence of human race. The consequence of 
conflict in many societies of the World especially in the continent of Africa in particular are 
enormous, the United Nations Development has embarked upon an extensive review of the most 
effective means to prevent conflict through appropriate governance, by promoting suitable 
environments for sustainable human development.
Therefore conflict prevention and resolution emerged as a distinct discipline in social 
sciences in the 1950's, the main impetus was the realization that war, which was fought primarily 
for territorial defense, religious, dynastic, colonization' and competition' for markets and influence 
as a normal phase in relationship between states, if not logically prevented will become in a very 
real sense a-threat to the survival of humanity. It seems clear, however every region in human 
society need conflict prevention mechanism. Perhaps- it-is logical to .say "here that" with rare 
exceptions, 1970s scholars like Johan Galtung expostulate structural explanations of conflict and 
drew on Marxists thinking which was repopularised in the 1990's by International Political 
Economy (IPS) in analysis of conflict and war (MC Canless: 2007). 
This book will look at some various attempts made by prominent scholars in the prospects 
ad challenges of conflict resolution, causes of conflict, theories and the concepts of conflict 
prevention, for a formidable and effective framework in rebuilding mechanism in conflict 
prevention, resolution and the principle of prevention in relations to other domain of social life.