How to teach vocabulary\374



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How to teach vocabulary

Sequence of presentation 
Having decided on the number of items to teach, there is then the choice of the sequence of 
presentation, either: 

meaning first, then form, or 

form first, then meaning 
There is an argument that presenting the meaning first creates a need for the form, opening the 
appropriate mental “files”, and making the presentation both more efficient and more 
memorable. On the other hand, 'form first' presentation works best when the words are 


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presented in some kind of context, so that the learners can work out the meaning for 
themselves. 
 
Means of presentation 
The next set of choices relates to the means of presentation - whether to present the meaning 
through: 
 
 
Translation 
Traditionally, translation has been the most widely used means of presenting the meaning of 
a word in monolingual classes. Translation has the advantage of being the most direct route to 
a word's meaning - assuming that there is a close match between the target word and its LI 
equivalent. It is therefore very economical, and especially suitable for dealing with incidental 
vocabulary that may crop up in a lesson.
However, an over-reliance on translation may mean that learners fail to develop an 
independent L2 lexicon, with the effect that they always access L2 words by means of their LI 
equivalents, rather than directly. Also, because learners don't have to work very hard to access 
the meaning, it may mean that the word is less memorable. A case of 'no pain, no gain'. 
Real things(realia);
An alternative to translation - and an obvious choice if presenting a set of concrete objects 
such as clothes items - is to somehow illustrate or demonstrate them. This can be done either 
by using real objects (called realia) or pictures or mime. The use of realia, pictures and 
demonstration was a defining technique of the Direct Method. The Direct Method, in 
rejecting the use of translation, developed as a reaction to such highly intellectual approaches 
to language learning as Grammar-Translation. 

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