How to Master the ielts

 because
no reference is 
made to any other EU countries.
Q156 negligible risk.
(third paragraph) The answer is ‘
negligible risk
’ 
because
‘the judge 
deemed that the risk of damage to the reputation
of genuine 
Champagne 
was negligible
.
Q157 alcohol.
(third paragraph) The answer is ‘
alcohol
’ 
because
‘Diageo… 
prevented 
Intercontinental Brands from selling… Vodkat,
 primarily because 
it did not contain the necessary 37.5
% alcohol.
’
Q158 very similar names.
(fifth paragraph) The answer is ‘
very similar names
’ 
because of the phrase
‘including those with
 very similar names, such as 
MacDonald’s and Mcdonald
’.
Q159 a food service.
(fifth paragraph) The answer is ‘
a food service
’ 
because
‘they were more likely to
 
succeed
 if the defendants had 
a clear association
with a food service’
.
Q160 not exclusive.
(fifth paragraph) The answer is ‘
not exclusive
’ 
because
‘
It was also 
indicated
 that McDonald’s 
did not have exclusive rights
 to 
the prefix Mc
’
.
Reading Passage 
7
. Recalling it
Q201
Paragraph 
B
. 
How early man benefited from stress.
‘
In our 
primitive 
ancestors
, 
emotional
stress
had
a survival value
.’
Q202 
Paragraph 
D
. 
How a person can reduce the effects of stress.
‘
change 
your thoughts and emotional reactions to the stressor, so as 
to lessen its 
impact
.’
Q203 
Paragraph 
C
. 
How candidates fear examinations.
‘
“Pre-exam nerves” is 
an anxiety state experienced by candidates prior to an examination. It is
perfectly natural to 
feel apprehensive
 about an important test.
’

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HOW TO MASTER THE IELTS
212
Q204 
Paragraph 
F
. 
How a speaker can make a confident start.
It is essential to 
make a 
solid start
, in which case it is advisable to 
memorize the opening 
lines
of the speech.
Q205 
Paragraph 
E
. 
How communication fails if important facts are out of 
order.
‘
the message is lost
 when 
salient points
 are either omitted or 
out 
of sequence
.’
Q206 NOT GIVEN
. There is no information on whether our ancestors experienced 
higher levels of stress than we do today.
Q207 FALSE
. (Paragraph C) 
A ‘retrieval failure’ is a permanent loss of know-
ledge
. This statement is false 
because
‘
The knowledge has been 
forgotten 
temporarily
’.
Q208 TRUE
. (Paragraph D) 
Learning by rote is memorizing by repetition
. This 
statement is true 
because
‘short­term memory improves if you 
re
peat new 
information to yourself several times, learning by rote
’.
Q209 FALSE
. (Paragraph D) 
Relaxation techniques can help a candidate 
to gain new knowledge
. This statement is false 
because
‘
Relaxation 
techniques
will improve the memory but they 
cannot help
 a candidate to 
retrieve 
knowledge that they have yet to acquire
’
.
Q210 FALSE
. (Paragraph E) 
Headings enable a complete image of an event 
to be recalled
. This statement is false
because
‘When information is 
classified under these headings it acts as a cue that 
enables
 the reader to 
construct 
partial images
 of previous events’.
Q211 B
. (Paragraph E) To recall 
past events 
from 
notes
it is 
helpfu
l ‘
to 
group 
information
 under headings
’
.
This statement is reflected in ‘Accurate recall 
of 
past events
is 
facilitated by note-taking
and in particular by 
placing 
information under the headings
.’
Q212 A
. (Paragraph E) When revising for an examination it is helpful ‘
to use a 
range of memory aids
’
. 
This statement is reflected in 
‘it is useful to include 
both visual and verbal aids when revising for an examination’.
Q213 D
. (Paragraph E) A mnemonic is ‘
a spelling revision aid
’
.
This statement is 
reflected in ‘
mnemonic devices…
that aid spelling
’.

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READING SECTION ExPANDED ANSWERS
213
Q214 C
. (Paragraph F) A slide 
can help
a speaker ‘to recall 
essential informa-
tion
’. This statement is reflected in ‘
Each slide
contains a few key elements 
that serve to
 cue the memory
towards the 
necessary detail
’.
Reading Passage 
8
. Home-schooling
Q215
Paragraph 
B. iii)
The paragraph deals with ‘Problems at school’. The key 
phrase is ‘
removed from a school following negative experiences
’
.
Q216
Paragraph 
C.
ix)
The paragraph deals with ‘Parents as teachers’. The word 
‘parents’ is mentioned five times and the key phrase is
‘Parents are not 
professional teachers’. 
Answer i) ‘Disadvantages’ is a distracter linked to 
‘education in the home environment can have its limitations’.
Q217 
Paragraph
 D. v) 
The paragraph deals with
 
‘Overcoming a weakness’ (lack 
of socialization) as indicated by ‘Socialization outside of the home can
 
negate some of these shortcomings
’
.
Answer i) ‘Disadvantages’ is a dis­
tracter linked to ‘the main criticism of home­schooling’, noting that ‘Main 
disadvantage’ (one only) would fit with this paragraph.
Q218 
Paragraph
E. ii)
The paragraph explains the ‘Range of benefits’ when 
referring to ‘Whilst home­schooling has its shortcomings it also offers
 
(Q218)
several advantages
’
. 
Answer iv) ‘Main advantage’ is a distracter, 
noting that the paragraph explains many advantages, not just one.
Q219 
Paragraph 
F. viii) 
The paragraph explains the
 
‘Shared responsibility’ when 
referring to ‘it is the
 duty of the state and the parents
’
.
Q220 FALSE.
(Paragraph A) 
In the USA there are four times as many home-
educated children as in the UK
. This statement is false 
because
‘In the 
UK… 100,000 pupils. In the USA… approximately two million children.’ 
Noting 
that the figures of 1% and 4% are distracters.
Q221 TRUE
. (Paragraph A) 
There is much disagreement about the merits of 
home-schooling
. This statement is true 
because
‘Home-schooling is a 
controversial issue’.
Q222 NOT GIVEN
. 
School children with disabilities are the most dis-
criminated against
. Discrimination is referred to in paragraph B but not in 
relation to disabilities.

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HOW TO MASTER THE IELTS
214
Q223 TRUE
. (Paragraph C) 
There is nothing unusual about children learning 
from their parents at home
. This statement is true 
because
‘Whilst home­
schooling of a child is unusual, 
learning from parents is not.
’