How to Have a Good Day: Harness the Power of Behavioral Science to Transform Your Working Life pdfdrive com

Perception, 28
(9), 1059–1074. You’ll see that
those counting black shirts were more likely to see the gorilla, presumably because the gorilla was also
black—so their brains treated the gorilla as slightly more “relevant” than those counting white shirts.
12.
If you haven’t seen the video, I’ve now blown the surprise. Sorry about that. But if you’re still keen to
watch it, here it is: 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJG698U2Mvo
. You can also try watching this
excellent video made by psychologist Richard Wiseman, which I use with my clients now that the gorilla
(sorry, I mean basketball) video is so widely known: 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3iPrBrGSJM
.
13.
LeDoux, J. (2012). Rethinking the emotional brain. 
Neuron,
73
(4), 653–676.
14.
Adrenaline is sometimes known as epinephrine, and noradrenaline is sometimes called norepinephrine.
15.
The amygdala plays a complex role in directing the brain’s attention toward anything that’s emotionally
ambiguous, whether positive or negative. Research has focused especially on the central role of the
amygdala in our response to potential threats. For example, this study found that people’s amygdalas
respond when exposed to a frightened face for only thirty milliseconds, too short a period to consciously
notice: Whalen, P.J., 
et al.
(1998). Masked presentations of emotional facial expressions modulate
amygdala activity without explicit knowledge. 
Journal of Neuroscience, 18
(1), 411–418. This article found
that people’s amygdalas subconsciously responded to angry expressions in photos even when they were
being asked to focus on buildings in the same photos: Anderson, A.K., Christoff, K., Panitz, D., De Rosa,
E., & Gabrieli, J.D. (2003). Neural correlates of the automatic processing of threat facial signals. 
Journal of
Neuroscience, 23
(13), 5627–5633. In this study, researchers found that damage to the amygdala meant that
people weren’t able to recognize fearful expressions on others’ faces: Adolphs, R., 
et al.
(1995). Fear and
the human amygdala. 
Journal of Neuroscience, 15
(9), 5879–5891.
16.
Arnsten, A. (2009). Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function.
Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10
(6), 410–422. For a less academic overview of the basic principle, this is a
good read: Arnsten, A. (1998). The biology of being frazzled. 
Science, 280
(5370), 1711–1712.
17.
Andreas Eder and colleagues review “discover and defend” behavioral patterns in the modern world, in:
Eder, A.B., Elliot, A.J., & Harmon-Jones, E. (2013). Approach and avoidance motivation: Issues and
advances. 
Emotion Review, 5
, 227–229.
18.
For example, the work that Mark Beeman has done with colleagues at Northwestern, referenced in:
Subramaniam, K., 
et al.
(2009). A brain mechanism for facilitation of insight by positive affect. 
Journal of
Cognitive Neuroscience, 21
(3), 415–432. See also Alice Isen’s comprehensive review: Isen, A. (2000).
Positive affect and decision-making. In M. Lewis & J. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), 
The Handbook of Emotions,
2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press.
19.
Deci, E.L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R.M. (1999). A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the
effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. 
Psychological Bulletin, 125
(6), 627–668.
20.
Dunbar, R.I.M. (2003). The social brain: Mind, language, and society in evolutionary perspective.
Annual Review of Anthropology, 32
(1), 163–181.
21.
See Matt Lieberman’s excellent book on our social brains for an overview of this research: Lieberman,
M. (2013). 
Social.
New York: Crown.
22.
Ryan, R.M., & Deci, E.L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation,
social development, and well-being.