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Give the formulation of J.Grimm's law



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Give the formulation of J.Grimm's law.Many old German consonants have also developed from the corresponding Indo-European consonants. However if we consider the old Indo-European roots in the Germanic languages we find that the position of the sounds is different. They are as if were shifted in relation to the original Indo-European basis. The scholars long ago discovered these discrepancies but the great scholar who explained it was Jacob Grimm. He discovered the regularity of the correspondences. He found three groups of correspondences and since his time they are referred to as three acts or as Grimm’s Law (Consonant Shift). He discovered that in Indo-European basis the voiceless plosives became voiceless fricatives in all the Germanic languages (p – f; penta – five). According to the second act a voiced plosive became voiceless (slabare – sleep). According to the third act aspirated voiced plosives lost their aspiration (bh – b; bhrata – brother).
Explain the relation between the Russian word болото and English pool from the point of view of J.Grimm's law.the Indo-European voiced explosives [b], [d], [g] correspond to the Germanic voiceless explosives [p], [t], [k] (Рус. болото – pool; рус. еда - eat; рус. иго – yoke), the second act of the shift, which took place much later;
Explain the relation between the Latin word duo 'two' and English two from the point of view of J.Grimm's law.According to the law, the ancient unvoiced p, t, k became the English unvoiced f, th, h and the Old High German f, d, h, producing such correlations as that between the initial consonants of Greek pod-, English fod, and Old High German fuo. The law further stated that the ancient voiced b, d, g became the English unvoiced p, t, k and the Old High German spirant stops f, ts, kh—hence the correlation between Latin duo, English “two,” and modern German zwei (pronounced “tsvai”
Explain the relation between the Russian word три and English three from the point of view of J.Grimm's law.

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