How electricity is produced ?



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HOW ELECTRICITY IS PRODUCED

Synchronous generator
Mechanism of ac voltage generation
  • Rotor flux is produced by a dc field current If.
  • Rotor is driven by a prime mover, producing rotating field in the air gap.
  • A voltage is induced in the stator winding due to

  • the rotating field.
    Induced voltage is sinusoidal due to the sinusoidal distributed flux density in the air gap.

Synchronous generator
(The Speed of Rotation of a Synchronous Generator)
Synchronous generators are by definition synchronous, meaning that the electrical frequency produced is locked in or synchronized with the mechanical rate of rotation of the generator.
The rate of rotation of the magnetic fields in the machined is related to the stator electrical frequency is
Where fe = electrical frequency (Hz)
nm = mechanical speed of the magnetic field, rpm (= speed of rotor)
P = number of poles
View of a two-pole round rotor generator and exciter
Synchronous Generator
Cross-section of a large turbo generator. (Courtesy Westinghouse)
Round Rotor Generator
Details of a generator stator
Stator of a large salient pole hydro generator; inset shows the insulated conductors and spacers
Large hydro generator rotor with view of the vertical poles
Rotor of a four-pole salient pole generator

Water, the fuel gives off its chemical heat energy to the tube metal of the boiler. The heat travels by conduction through the walls and is absorbed by the water. The water temperature increases until it is finally transformed into Steam now under considrable pressure and at a very high temperature is piped to a Turbine where mechanical energy is produced. The steam strikes the blades of the turbine and spins them revolvong the turbine shaft. The spinning shaft is connected to the Rotor, a large electromagnet. A wire coil called the Stator surrounds the rotor, as the rotor revolves within the stator, a flow of electrons, or Electricity is produced. The electricity is then collected at a predetermined voltage and frquency and distributed by an elaborate Transmission and Distribution system. After the steam passes through the turbine, it is led into a steam Condensor, the hot steam is condened back into water and returned to the boiler to begin the cycle again.


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