Historical background of typological investigations

"Muhokamatul al-Lugatain"

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  One of the most prominent work is the poem of Alisher Navoi "Muhokamatul al-Lugatain" (Debate of two languages) written in 1499. Navoi compares lexical, grammatical and word building specificities of 2 genetically non-related languages: old Uzbek and Persian. Navoi reveals a number of language specificities of Uzbek, which did not have direct correspondences in Persian, e.g. suffixes of reflexivity, reciprocity, causation, modality, comparativeness, etc.
  

The third period

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  The third period is related to development of comparative historical linguistics, genealogical and typological classification of languages, (mid- XIX c.)
  

The fourth period

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  This period is connected with the scientific Comparative Linguistics as an independent discipline. This period coincides with the XX century, characterized by the division of Comparative Linguistics into different concrete branches, such as structural, genetic, areal, comparative and so on
  

The first factor is typological imitation, means using identified style or form of languages to explain another language. For example, the first Latin grammar "De Lingua Latina" (117-27 ВС) by Varron was written with the use of the ancient Greek language grammars compiled by Greek philosophers. His great contributions were changing 5 cases in Greek into 6 and 8 parts of speech into 7 in English. Later, the grammar of European languages was shaped based on Latin and Greek languages. Besides, nowadays not only grammar but poetic speech and other language units are still based on Greek grammar.

• 
  The first factor is typological imitation, means using identified style or form of languages to explain another language. For example, the first Latin grammar "De Lingua Latina" (117-27 ВС) by Varron was written with the use of the ancient Greek language grammars compiled by Greek philosophers. His great contributions were changing 5 cases in Greek into 6 and 8 parts of speech into 7 in English. Later, the grammar of European languages was shaped based on Latin and Greek languages. Besides, nowadays not only grammar but poetic speech and other language units are still based on Greek grammar.