Heart and blood

ACUTE APPENDICITIS

Acute appendicitis is known to occur in all age groups. Its incidence varies in different sex groups: it is most frequent in woman from 20. to 40 years of age. Cases of appendicitis have been noted to occur oven in infants and in the very old age.

Acute appendicitis is known to begin suddenly with sharp pains which are at first felt in epigastria but then become generalized in the abdomen. The pain becomes worse while breathing in sleep and coughing, it does not radiate and is accompanied by nausea, and the retention of stools gases.
The temperature is normal or subfebrite and true is moderate leucocytosis. The ESR is initially normal. With the development of the disease heart rate elevation to be not more them 90 – 100 beats per minute. The tongue is coated and dry.
The attack of acute appendicitis is known to last 3-4 days after reach time the temperature returns to normal, abdominal pains decreased and only a moderate tenderness is felt in the right lower part of the abdomen on palpation.
Acute appends is treated surgically. The operation is performed not under general but under local anesthesia. The appendix is removed immediately to prevent its rupture which may result in peritonitis. Such forms of append – ‘tis as gangrenous and perforating is particularly life threatening. But sometimes when a mild form of appendicitis has a severe course it may result in perforation.


THE HEART SOUNDS

When we listen to the heart we can hear two sounds. The third sound is also heard in some persons.

The first heart sound is the longest. It is heard at the moment of contraction of the ventricles when the atria-ventricular valves close.
The sound lasts for a shorter period of time. It is heart at the moment when the pulmonary and aortic semi lunar valves close.
The tired heart sound is heard when the blood is passing from the atria into the ventricles.
The first and the second cardiac sounds are heard over all portions of the heart and often over the large vessels. The first heart sound is greater over the surface of the ventricles and it is the greatest over the surface of the mitral and tricuspid and the pulmonary artery.
Heart sounds are also heard over some portions of the chest. Normally the first heart sound is heart best over the apex of the heart in the fifth costal interspace. The second sound is heard best over the pulmonary artery and aorta, that is in the second left and right costal interspaces. The aortic sound is normally louder that the pulmonic sound.
The heart sounds are very important in the clinical diagnosis and the doctors have determined many cardiac diseases by heart sounds.