Present simple (Hozirgi oddiy zamon)
Hozirgi odatiy zamon- bu zamonni doimiy gaplarda yani takrorlanuvchi tugallangan ish harakatlarni ifodalaganda foydalanamiz.
HARAKAT
* P.s.da biz fe’lning asosiy shakli(infinitivening to yuklamasi tushirib qoldirilgan shakli)dan foydalanamiz. Faqatgina 3-shaxs birlikda(he/she/it)gi gaplarda fe’lga –s yoki –es qo’shiladi.
*Oxiri –s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, bilan tugagan fe’llarga 3-chi shaxs birlikda –es qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi.
*Oxiri –y bilan tugagan fe’llarga –es qo’shimchasi qoshilganda:
-agar “y” oldidan undosh harf kelsa unda u “i” ga ozgaradi va –es oladi.
-agar “y” oldidan unli harf kelsa o’zgarmasdan –s qo’shimchasini oladi.
*P.s.da inkor va so’roq gaplar yasashda to do yordamchi fe’lidan foydalanamiz.
- to do yordamchi fe’li 3-shaxs birlikdan tashqari barcha shaxslarda do shaklida 3-shaxs birlikda esa does shaklida qollaniladi.
- Inkor va so’roq gaplarda 3-shaxs birlik(he/she/it)da asosiy fe’l –s yoki –es qo’shimchasini olmaydi.
Positive:
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Subject + Verb(1)(-es,-s)* + Object
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Negative:
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Subject + Do /Does + not +Verb(1) + Object
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Question:
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Do /Does + Subject + Verb(1) + Object ?
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HOLAT
*Shaxsning har qanday hissiyoti va holatini ifodalashda biz Present Simpleda foydalanamiz:
-bunda biz to be yordamchi fe’lidan foyfdalanamiz
-to be fe’li shaxslarda tuslanadi:
I- am;
we/ you/ they- are;
he/ she/ it- is.
Positive:
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Subject + To be* + Verb(1)
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Negative:
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Subject + To be* + not + Verb(1)
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Question:
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To be* + Subject + Verb(1) ?
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“Present Simple” zamoni quyidagi vaziyatlarda qo'llaniladi:
1. Odatiy, doimiy, kundalik, tez-tez sodir bo'lib turadigan ish harakatlarni ifodalash uchun;
- Aziz works in school every day.
2. Umumiy haqiqat va tabiat qonunlariga oid ish-harakatni ifodalash uchun;
-The earth goes round the sun.
3. Jadvallarga asoslangan ish-harakatlarni ifodalash uchun “kelasi zamon” ma'nosida;
-The train leaves for Budapesht at 7 tonight
4. Quyidagilar asosan gap boshida keladi va present simple da qo'llaniladi:
I apologize (uzr so'ramoq)
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I premise ( vada berman)
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I advise (maslahat beraman)
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I suggest (taklif qilman)
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I insist (talab qilaman)
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I refuse (rad etaman)
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I agree (roziman)
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I think (o'ylaman)
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Har qanday gapda u gapni qaysi zamonga tegishli ekanligini anglatuvchi so’zlar bo’ladi ularni biz signal so’zlar deb ataymiz.*
Quyida present simple zamoniga oid signal so’zlar:
1. Always = generally = in general = normally=permanently = all the time = now and then = day and night = around the clock - hamisha, har doim;
2. Usually = typically = as a rule - odatda;
3. Frequently = often - tez-tez;
4. Regularly = routinely = repeatedly – muntazam;
5. Sometimes = occasionally = at times = from time to time = once in a while = all the while -ba'zan;
6. Never = not ever = hardly ever - hech qachon;
7. Seldom = rarely = once in a blue moon -kamdan-kam;
8. Daily = every day = day to day = day after day - har kuni;
9. Every other day - kun ora;
10. Every 3 days - har 3 kunda;
11. Every third day - har 3 chi kunda;
12. Once a week - haftasiga 1 marta;
13. Twice a month - oyiga 2 marta;
14. Every morning - har kuni ertalab;
15. Three times a day - 1 kunda 3 marta.
Exercise 1. Change the verb into the correct form:
1. I usually ________(go) to school.
2. They_________ (visit) us often.
3. You _________ (play) basketball once a week.
4. Tom_________ (work) every day.
5. He always___________ (tell) us funny stories.
6. She never___________ (help) me with that!
7. Martha and Kevin__________ (swim) twice a week.
8. In this club people usually_________ (dance) a lot.
9. Linda___________ (take care) of her sister.
10. John rarely_________ (leave) the country.
11. We__________ (live) in the city most of the year.
12. Lorie __________(travel) to Paris every Sunday.
13. I__________ (bake) cookies twice a month.
14. You always_________ (teach) me new things.
15. She_________ (help) the kids of the neighborhood.
Exercise 2. Change the verb into the correct form:
1. London_________ (be) in England.
2. The summer_________ (be) hot.
3. She__________ (drive) very well.
4. They__________ (open) the store at 8:00.
5. Linda__________ (be) a very pretty girl.
6. I_________ (have) several jobs.
7. Water___________ (boil) at 100 degrees.
8. Water___________ (freeze) at 0 degrees.
9. My sister__________ (speak) English.
10. He_________ (have) a big apartment.
11. A triangle__________ (have) three corners.
12. My birthday__________ (be) in June.
13. Books___________ (have) pages.
14. Dogs_________ (be) good friends.
15. I__________ (work) hard.
afraid
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qo'rqmoq
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agree
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rozi bo'lmoq
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angry
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jahlda
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arrive
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yetib kelmoq
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attack
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hujum qilmoq
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bottom
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tagi osti
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clever
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aqlli
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cruel
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shafqatsiz
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finally
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nihoyat
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hide
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yashirmoq
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hunt
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ovlamoq
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lot
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ko'p
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middle
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o'rta
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moment
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lahza
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pleased
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mamnun
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promise
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va'da bermoq
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reply
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javob bermoq
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safe
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xavfsiz
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trick
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hiyla
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well
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yaxshi
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