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Group: 207a
Student: Berdiyorova Ruxsora
Geography, history and culture of the USA
Geographic position of the USA in the world
Economic status in the world (main exports and imports).
Political status in the world.
Educational system of the USA
Government
The USA is the 4th largest country in the world (after Russia, Canada and China). It is situated in central North America and stretches from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean. It borders on Canada in the north and Mexico in the south and has a sea-border with Russia. It also includes Alaska and Hawaii. The total area of the country is 9,4 million square kilometres. The enormous size of the country influences the diversity of landscape, climate and even people.The USA is a federal republic, a union of 50 states.
The capital of the country Washington is situated in a special federal area called the District of Columbia.The population of the country is about 260 million people. They are the people of all races and nationalities, either descendants of immigrants or immigrants who have come to America from all the countries of the world in search of independence and self-realization. It’s impossible to generalize about the weather, the landscape and the way of living because the nation occupies nearly half of a continent, which is divided into 4 time zones and has almost every type of climate.
If you look at the map of the USA you’ll see snow-topped mountains and flat prairies, fertile valleys and deserts, the areas of tropical heat and arctic cold.One of the most important geographical boundaries in the USA is the 50-centimetre rainfall line, which runs from north to south almost through the middle of the country. East of the line farming, is relatively easy and the population is large. There are man-made irrigation systems, dry farming, grazing and fewer people west of the line.The West is a mountainous area of the Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera and the Sierra Nevada. The highest peak is Mount McKinley in Alaska (6,000 metres). As compared with the Appalachians in the east, the Rocky Mountains are sharp and. rugged, over 4,000 metres high, rich in gold, copper, lead, silver and other minerals.
The economy of the USA is well-developed and highly industrialized. The U.S. has the most technologically powerful economy in the world and its firms are at or near the forefront in technological advances; especially in computers, pharmaceuticals, and medical, aerospace, and military equipment. America’s main exports include Machinery, Electronic equipment (including computers), Spacecraft and aircraft, Cars, Petroleum, Medical equipment, Plastics Gems, precious metals, and coins. Its main imports are Cars, Crude Petroleum, Broadcasting Equipment, Computers and Vehicle Parts. America exchanges imports and exports especially with Mexico, Canada, China, Japan and Germany.
The United States is a federal constitutional republic, in which the President of the United States (the head of state and head of government), Congress, and judiciary share powers reserved to the national government, and the federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments.
The executive branch is headed by the President and is independent of the legislature. Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of Congress, the Senate and the House of Representatives.
The judicial branch (or judiciary), composed of the Supreme Court and lower federal courts, exercises judicial power (or judiciary). The judiciary's function is to interpret the United States Constitution and federal laws and regulations. This includes resolving disputes between the executive and legislative branches. The federal government's layout is explained in the Constitution. Two political parties, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party, have dominated American politics since the American Civil War, although other parties have also existed.
Education in the United States comprises three basic levels: elementary, secondary and higher education. Parents may choose whether to send their children to their local free public schools, or to private schools which charge fees. The organization and curricula of private schools and colleges are similar to those of public schools although the administration differs.The vast majority of students at the primary and secondary levels go to public schools. Most of those who attend private schools attend church sponsored parochial schools.The school year is usually nine months long, from early September to mid-June. The common pattern of organization, referred to as the 6-3-3 plan, includes elementary school in grades 1 through 6, junior high school in grades 7 through 9 and senior high school in grades 10 through 12. However, many variations on the pattern exist in the USA.
The main purpose of elementary school is the general intellectual and social development of the child from 6 to 12 or 15 years of age.In secondary schools most pupils follow a course that includes English, science, social studies, mathematics and physical education. Elective subjects may be chosen in the fields of foreign languages, fine arts and vocational training. Pupils usually elect about half their work in grades nine through twelve.The vocational program may give training in four fields: agricultural education, business education, home economics and trade and industrial education. This program prepares students either for employment or further training.Most young Americans graduate from school with a high school diploma upon satisfactory completion of a specified number of courses. Students are usually graded from A (excellent) to F (failing) in each course they take on the basis of performance in tests given at intervals throughout the year.
Government of the USA is divided into 3 branches: Legislative, Executive and Judicial.
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