Grammar for ielts fiona Aish & Jo Tomlinson ■L& 11

10 Youth
Exercise 1
1
A s a result 
OR
Therefore 
Function:
Result
2
In addition to 
Function:
Addition
3
Thirdly, Lastly, Finally 
Function:
Ordering 
U
due to 
OR
because of 
Function:
Reason
5
but 
OR
yet 
Function:
Contrast
6 In conclusion 
OR
In sum m ary 
Function:
Sum m arizing
Exercise 
2
1 Volunteering
2 community based
3
expensive (to staff) 
U
Dram a
5 likely to continue
6 new schem es
Exercise 3
1 due to
2 for example
3
although
U
In addition to
5 However
6 because of
7 Lastly
8 such as
9 A s a result of
Exercise 
U
3 4 1 5 2 6 7
Exam practice
1 birth
2 embrace
3
unemployment
4 su b -n o rm s
5
anti-social behaviour
6 (eventual) rejection
11 
People and places
Exercise 1
1 D
2
 
S
3
D
U
D
5 S
6 D
Exercise 3
1 C
2
 
C
3 
A
Exercise 
U
1 The countryside hasn't become more 
attractive to families nowadays. 
OR
The 
countryside has become less attractive to 
fam ilies nowadays. 
OR
The city has become 
more attractive to families nowadays.
2
You've thought about the presentation a 
lot less clearly than me. 
OR
You haven't 
thought about the presentation as 
clearly as me. 
OR
I’ve thought about the 
presentation a lot more clearly than you.
1 0 8
Grammar for IELTS
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Units 10-14
3 We have done less research for the presentation 
than we could. OR We haven't done as much 
research for the presentation as we could.
U
Our final grade will be as high as our last 
presentation. 
OR
Our final grade will be 
(much) higher than our last presentation.
Exam practice
1 B
2 C
3 B
U
C
12 Crime
Exercise 1
1 should go OR ought to go
2
have to follow 
OR
m ust follow
3
might OR may OR could 
U
don't have to pay a fine
5 can take
Exercise 2
1
might OR could OR may
2
might not OR may not
3
should
U
should 
OR
ought to 
Exercise 3
Crime prevention 
musts 
start from education. If people 
are not raised well, then thevwtU 
miaht/mav/could
commit crim es in the future. It's the responsibility of 
both parents and schools to educate children in the 
difference between right and wrong. This could be 
done in special ethics classes in schools, and perhaps 
parenting classes 
mightfHt 
be a good idea for parents 
who are unsure of how to raise children with more moral 
values. These classes shouldn't be compulsory though 
as this 
might 
te be too expensive and unnecessary. 
However, although all parents m ustn’t 
might not 
go, 
it could be useful for those who are struggling. More 
information wtU 
might/mav/could 
help these parents.
For Exam practice model answers see audio script
Track 20.
13 The Planet
Exercise 1
1 couldn't have known OR m ustn't have known
2 had to hunt
3 should have taken OR ought to have taken 
U
m ust have been
5 might/could/may have been inhabiting 
OR might/could/may have inhabited
6 could travel
7 didn't have to pay
8 m ust have been developing OR m ust have developed
Exercise 
2
1 might have
2 had to
3
didn't have to 
U
could
5 shouldn't have
6 couldn't have
Exercise 3
1 couldn't
2 could have OR might have
3
couldn't have 
U
couldn't
5 should have OR ought to have
6 m ust have
Exercise 
U
1 tree line
2 rainy
3
snow line
U
plant species
5 (dinosaur) fossils
6 scientific
7 
U
w eeks
Exam practice
1 narrow
2 Andrew
3 relevant information 
U
much information
5 constantly moving
14 Globalization
Exercise 1
1 would not have gone, had not 
opened 
Conditional:
third
2
buy, want 
Conditional:
zero
3
continues, will stay 
Conditional:
first
U
would not communicate, had developed 
Conditional:
mixed (second + third)
5 were connected, would be 
Conditional:
second
Exercise 2 Suggested answers
2 local b u sin e sse s will continue to disappear.
3
the way we comm unicate could start 
to change in a negative way.
U
we will have a better world.
Exercised Model answers
2 Student: 
I don’t think so. if globalization had caused 
young people to care less about their countries, we 
w ouldn't see so much national pride in sporting
Answer key
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competitions like The Olympics or the World Cup. 
Conditionai:
third or mixed
3 Student: 
I would say that they should be more 
positive. Jf globalization didn't exist, we wouldn't 
have so many opportunities for work, travel and we 
wouldn't be able to buy so many different products. 
Conditional:
first or second 
U
Student: 
I think this depends on what 
you mean by equal, jf people in a country 
have the sam e opportunities in life, then 
globalization is good and can help the world 
but this is not always what happens.
Conditional:
any
For Exam practice model answers see audio script
Track 26.
15 Culture and modern society
Exercise 1
1 she had been to the opera the day 
before and had really enjoyed it.
2 the government had to invest 
more money in the arts.
3
the m useum hadn’t had any internationally 
recognized exhibitions for several years.
U
what the theatre director intended 
to do to increase ticket sales.
5
warned that
6 said 
OR
claimed that
7
denied 
OR
argued that
8 recommended
Exercise 3
1 had declined, w as
2 had misrepresented