The Big Picture of GMAT Verba
Parallelism Is a Beauty Contest
- Ron Purewal
Consider the following SC problem:
Virginia is one of very few U.S. states where lacrosse is played by a sizable propor
tion of high school athletes, and in which the sport attracts as many spectators as
does football or basketball.
(A) where lacrosse is played by a sizable proportion of high school athletes, and
in which
(B) where a sizable proportion of high school athletes play
lacrosse, in which
(C) that has a sizable proportion of high school athletes
who play lacrosse and
where
(D) in which lacrosse is played by a sizable proportion of high school athletes,
and
(E) where a sizable proportion of high school athletes play
lacrosse and where
If you try to approach this problem with memorized rules and formal grammatical
analysis, it will be extremely difficult— perhaps even impossible— for you to solve. If
you approach the problem with an understanding of what parallelism actually means,
though, you may find it quite easy.
Here’s the secret:
Parallelism is a beauty contest!
In an actual beauty contest-—whether that contest involves people, livestock, architec
tural designs, or whatever else— the judges don’t need a theoretical understanding of
beauty, nor do they need objective criteria for the beauty of an individual person (or
animal, or design, etc.). Their task is much simpler: they only
need to make relative
judgments.
The same is true of parallelism. In general, you don’t need to perform detailed formal
analysis on parallel structures; instead,
you only have to decide which structure is most
parallel— a much easier task.
If one structure is clearly more parallel than the others, then that structure is right, and
the other structures are wrong.
Do not overanalyze!
In the problem quoted above, there are two parallel facts about Virginia: first, many
of its high school students play lacrosse, and, second, it is a place
where lacrosse is
as popular as football or basketball. Because both of these facts about Virginia are
MANHATTAN
GMAT
The Big Picture of GMAT Verbal
presented with equal priority— and because neither is subordinate to the other— they
should be expressed in parallel.
If you attempt a formal analysis of the answer choices, you may not be able to elimi
nate (A), (C), or (E) at all— because those choices are, from a strictly grammatical
standpoint,
not wrong. However, it should be clear that the parallel structure in choice
(E)—
where X and where Y—is vastly superior to that in any of the other choices, so (E)
is the correct answer.
This kind of dichotomy— in which formal analysis is difficult or even impossible,
but conceptual judgments are quick and easy— is not accidental.
The GMAT writ
ers emphasize parallelism because it
is grammatically complex, but conceptu
ally straightforward. If you can see the “big picture” of these relationships, you can
resolve them quickly and accurately; if you get mired in grammatical details, on the
other hand, then the problems can become impossibly difficult.
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