The Big Picture of GMAT Quant
Let’s try a totally math-free example:
Is the rock in my pocket blue?
(1) The rock in my pocket is either blue or red.
(2) The rock in my pocket is either red or purple.
(A)
Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) is NOT sufficient
(B)
Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) is NOT sufficient
(C)
BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement
ALONE is sufficient
(D)
EACH statement ALONE is sufficient
(E)
Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient
What a strange way to ask a question! The main idea behind Data Sufficiency ques
tions is that you’re not actually being asked the question, “Is the rock in my pocket
blue?” Instead, you’re being asked how much information you would need to answer the
question.
Let’s attack. First, note that “Is the rock in my pocket blue?” is a yes or no question.
You wouldn’t necessarily need to know the color of the rock in order to answer that
question. (For instance, “It’s not blue” would tell you exactly what you need to know,
even though you still wouldn’t know the rock’s color.)
Examine Statement (1) alone: “The rock in my pocket is either blue or red.” Is this
statement enough to answer the question, “Is the rock in my pocket blue?” Many
people get confused here, because, according to Statement (1), the rock could be blue.
You could say that Statement (1) is consistent with the possibility that the rock is blue.
But it definitely is NOT enough information to allow you to answer the question with
a definite yes or no. If the rock is blue, the answer is yes; if the rock is red, the answer
is no. Since Statement (1) allows for the possibility of either a yes or no answer to the
question, Statement (1) is NOT sufficient.
If Statement (1) is NOT sufficient, answer choices (A) and (D) are now impossible and
can be eliminated (look back up at the answer choices to determine why).
Now move on to Statement (2). It is very important here to consider Statement (2)
independently— that is, you must momentarily forget that you ever saw Statement (1).
Statement (2) tells you that the rock is either red or purple. Is this enough to give a
definite yes or no to the question, “Is the rock in my pocket blue?” Indeed, it is! State
ment (2) does NOT tell you what color the rock is—it gives you two possibilities, red
or purple. But either way, you can be sure that the rock is NOT blue. That is, each of
the possibilities presented by Statement (2) yields the same answer to the question—
no, the rock is not blue.
MANHATTAN
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