Giorgi baRaTuria

Рецензент: профессор Джиджеишвили Кетеван Мамиевна, Грузинский технический университет,.
lali gvasalia
mrwamsis fenomeni _ kulturis qmnadobis
safuZveli
mrwamsi, rogorc individualuri, ise socialuri fsiqikis fenomenia. mrwamss mivyavarT pirovnebis Segnebuli istoriuli Semoqmedebis socialur erTianobaSi integrirebisaken.
mrwamsi, rogorc rwmenis simbolo, yovelTvis iyo da iqneba kul­turis filosofiis erT-erTi aqtualuri problema, ramdenadac swored es fenomeni warmoadgens pirovnebis rogorc Semoqmedebis, aseve socialuri aqtivobis motivsa da safuZvels. socialur aqtivobas ki pirovnebis Tavisufleba afuZnebs. am sakiTxis aqtualurobas, pirvel rigSi, optimaluri proporciis Zieba ganapirobebs; amasTan erTad, ara mxolod mrwamsis problemis Teoriuli analizi, aramed sazogadoebis sulieri procesebis mecnieruli marTvis praqtikuli garduvaloba.
zemoT xsenebuli Tavisufleba gu­lis­xmobs pasuxismgeblobasa da valdebulebas, upirvelesad, adamianTa sistemuri erTobis _ sazogadoebis mimarT.
mrwamsi yalibdeba da aigeba rwmenis, azrovnebis, zneobis, Semoqme­debis deontologiur safuZvelze. aqve davazusteb, rom mrwamsi aba­lan­sebs idealis normatiul da miznobriv mxareebs. pirveli, normatiuli – is mxarea da is WeSmariti Rirebulebebi, razec kacobrioba, kargaxania, SeTanxmda; xolo meore, miznobrivi _ mrwamsis moZraobis, ganviTarebis, transformaciis veqtorisa da safuZvlis ganmsazRvrelia.
minda xazgasmiT aRvniSno, rom mrwamsi _ pirovnebis rwmena da saku­Tar inteleqtualur Tu SemoqmedebiT ZalebSi TviTdajerebuloba da pa­su­xis­mgeblobaa (amdenad _ subieqturi xasiaTis!), magram mrwamsis socia­luri ganpirobebuloba mas obieqtur xasiaTs sZens.
maSin, rodesac idea ukavSirdeba arsebul myar SemecnebiT-Semfa­seblur kriteriumebsa da rogorc pirovnuli, aseve socialuri jgufis fsiqikis etalonebs, _ is gardaiqmneba SemecnebiTi da praqtikuli aqti­vobis aRmZvrelad da mxolod maSin transformirdeba mrwamsad.
adamiani kulturis Semoqmedia. ramdenadac kultura mzamzareuli saxiT mocemuli, TavisTavadi realoba ar aris (aseTi _ obieqturad arse­buli realoba bunebaa!), adamiani, Tavisi SemoqmedebiT `meore bunebas~ qmnis, _ subieqturs, adamianurs, rasac kultura qvia. bunebis gardaqmnis survili da potenciuri unaric adamianis genetikuri kuTvnilebaa. magram mravali aTaswleuli dasWirda imas, rom adamians, Tavisi SemecnebiTi da SemoqmedebiTi Zalebis meSveobiT bunebis sagnebi da movlenebi `moeTvi­nierebina~, anu sakuTari TavisaTvis moergo, ufro zustad Tu vityviT _ moesadagebina. es uwyveti procesi permanentulad gagrZeldeba manam, sanam maZiebeli da Semoqmedi arseba _ adamiani ivlis dedamiwaze. uZveles droSi ki, empedokles Tqmisa ar iyos, msgavsi msgavss eZebda, poulobda da xdeboda adamianTa gaerTianeba, dajgufeba Temebad, tomebad, rasebad, erebad, sazogadoebriv erTobebad, saxelmwifoebad.
saxelmwifoebma idealebi unda ganaxorcielon. ideali _ es momavlis azrobrivi warmarTvaa, ris Sesabamisadac adamiani gegmavs da organizebas ukeTebs Tavis moqmedebas. mrwamsi SeiZleba Seicavdes ideals, magram, amave dros, ar uTanabrdebodes mas. mrwamsi, rogorc rwmenis simbolo, idealis ganxorcielebaSi gansazRvruli darwmunebloba, dajerebulobaa. ideali _ es mtkicebulebis Tezisia, mrwamsi ki _ Tezisi da argumenti.
udavoa, rom mrwamsi aris qcevis motivi da subieqtis momavali, realizebuli socialuri moqmedebis safuZveli; amasTanave, ganpiro­be­buli idealis miRwevis obieqturi moTxovenilebebiT. rodesac laparakia mrwamsze, umniSvnelovanesi, Cemis azriT, mainc mrwamsis socialur-fsiqologiuri arsia, misi emociuri, nebisyofiTi damokidebuleba rea­lobis sxvadasxva mxareebTan. anu, mrwamsi aris ideebis, grZnobebisa da nebisyofis (rasac pirovnebis sulieri samyaro emorCileba) monoliTuri erTianoba. mrwamsi warmoadgens socialuri qcevis formis subieqtur safuZvels.
adamianis kuTvnileba sulierebaa, rac mas unikalur, ganumeorebel sulier Rirebulebebs aqmnevinebs. kidev erTxel mogviwevs kulturis fi­lo­sofiaSi arsebuli, urTierTSeqcevadi ori frazis gameoreba: `adamiani qmnis kulturas, kultura qmnis adamians~. es imisaTvis damWirda, rom damezustebina am frazebis Cemeuli gageba. kerZod, moazrovne, Tavi­su­fali, maZiebeli, Semoqmedi adamiani qmnis sulier Rirebulebas _ erTad­erTs, originalurs, ganumeorebels da amgvari RirebulebebiT gamdid­re­bul meore adamians, mesames, meases, meaTases, memiliones, vinc adresatebi, anu kulturis Tanaziarebi arian. maTTan kulturis Semoqmedi kulturis eniT, anu simboloebiT saubrobs da sulieri sakvebiT daapurebs, asazr­dovebs, daarwyulebs, suls uwesrigebs, aRafrTovanebs, gaaognebs da daasmevinebs kiTxvas _ mzeraSi ucxo sibrZnis sxivia,
mokvdavi verc ki axsnis ubralod _
`mose TuUase RvTaebrivia,
Sen raRa unda iyo, ufalo?~
(kiTxvis damsmeli qarTveli poetia _ SoTa niSnianiZe, kiTxvis adresati ki _ marmarilodan moses gamokristalebeli, RvTis xeldasxmuli miqe­lan­jelo buonaroti!). ase qmnis kulturis Semoqmedi adamiani _ sxva adamianebs, es ukanasknelni _ kidev sxvebs da es procesi maradiulad gagrZeldeba. magram vidre Cveni interesis obieqts _ mrwamss mivu­brun­debiT, kulturis, anu anTropocentruli samyaros aucilebeli kompo­nentebi Tanmimdevrulad gavixsenoT.
am samyaros sulis Camdgmeli rom `anthropos~-ia, anu adamiani, amaze aravin kamaTobs, magram kiTxvebis mTel rigs Tu damajerebeli pasuxebi ver gaveciT, maSin kulturis Seqmnis stimulatorsa da safuZvels _ mrwamsis fenomensac ver movuZebniT Tavis adgils. ai, es kiTxvebi:
rogori adamiani qmnis kulturas?
riT iqmneba kultura?
ra aris kultura?
sad arsebobs kultura?
ra warmoadgens kulturis enas?
kulturis Semoqmedi visTan da rasTan marTavs dialogs kulturis meSveobiT?
Cven, kulturologiis saxelmZRvanelos avtorebi: batoni avTandil ZamaSvili, me _ lali gvasalia da batoni vano Wiaureli xsenebul kiTxvebze aseTi pasuxis gacemaze SevTanxmdiT, _ kultura aris adamianis Tavisufali, mizandasaxuli, SemoqmedebiTi Sromis Sedegad, pirovnuli, erovnuli, zogadsakacobrio RirebulebaTa normebiT, mis sulSi da mis gareT damyarebuli wesrigi, gaformebuli simboloTa sistemaSi, romliTac igi axorcielebs dialogs RmerTTan, bunebasTan, sxva adamianebTan, sakuTar TavTan; warsulTan, awmyosTan da momavalTan, anu mTel samyarosTan.
amgvarad, miviReT kulturis sistemur-universaluri gansazRvreba, romlis naklad SesaZlebelia is CaiTvalos, rom igi lakonuri ar aris, ufro sworad, ver iqneboda im martivi mizezis gamo, rom Semoqmedi adamianis qmnilebis (kulturis sagani Tu movlena) gansazRvreba ar SeiZleboda erT martiv winadadebaSi moTavsebadi yofiliyo, aramed es imdenad mravalferovani da amouwuravia, rogorc adamiani _ misi Semo­qmedi. samagierod, es vrceli gansazRvreba kulturis filosofiaSi wvdo­mis mosurne studentebs kulturis fenomenis zedmiwevniT da ukeT gagebaSi daexmareba.
kulturis ganmapirobebeli Zala Rirebulebaa. adamians mrwamsi aqmnevinebs Rirebulebebs. Rirebulebis arsi adamianis SemecnebiTi da SefasebiTi moRvaweobis zRvarze dgindeba. Rirebulebebs Tavisuflad moazrovne adamianebi qmnian. dasawyisSi aRvniSneT, rom Tavisuflebis fenomeni, romelic kulturis safuZvelsa da kriteriums warmoadgens, pasuxismgeblobiTaa gamyarebuli. uzenaesi pasuxismgebloba adamians sakuTari Tavis winaSe unda gaaCndes. Tavis mier Cadenil saqcielze TviTon adamiania pasuxismgebeli. pasuxismgebloba qaossa da uwesrigobas gamoricxavs.
jer kidev tacitusi, romelsac termini `kulturac~ ki ar uxsenebia, kulturis antipods _ barbarosobas rom ganixilavs, am movlenis gaazrebiT kulturaze migvaniSnebs da kulturas uwevs samsaxurs.
antikur epoqaSi kulturis barbarosobasTan dapirispirebas aqvs adgili. kultura adamianurobaa, barbarosoba _ veluroba, kultura Tavi­sulebaa, barbarosoba _ ngreva, qaosi; kultura aerTianebs ada­mia­nebs, xalxebs, barbarosoba ki TiSavs maT.
kulturis qmnadoba, anu wesrigis damyarebiT miRweuli harmonia adamianis sakeTebelia. adamianma, vidre bunebisagan `meore buneba Seuqmnia~, jer sakuTari suli unda moawesrigos. urwmuno adamiani RvTaebriv Semoqmedebas ver ganaxorcielebs, sakuTar sulierebaSi gaurkveveli adamiani Tavis gareT, anu transcendentur wesrigs ver daamyarebs. unda sjerodes jer sakuTari inteleqtualuri, SemoqmedebiTi unarebisa, unda gaaCndes myari subieqturi mrwamsi, romelic obieqturi socialuri fsiqikis fenomenad transformirdeba.
Tanamedrove pirovnebis xarisxobrivi kriteriumi cxovrebiseuli poziciaa, sadac sinTezirebulia fsiqologiuri da motivirebuli qcevis mimarTuleba, rasac is gamoxatavs Tavisi Semoqmedebis nairgvar formu­lirebaSi. am inteleqtualuri daxasiaTebis mniSvnelovani mxare _ pirov­nebis socialur-fsiqologiuri statusia, romelic xorcieldeba grZno­bis, ganwyobis, rwmenis rTul sistemaSi, sadac mocemulia rolebis gansazRvruli ierarqia.
mrwamsi mniSvnelovanwilad gansazRvravs poziciis RirebulebiT Sina­arss. mrwamsi cxovrebiseuli poziciis Sinaganad maxasiaTebel elementTa imanenturi komponentia.
naTqvamidan gamomdinare, Tu SevecdebiT mrwamsis sistemur gansaz­Rvrebas, es albaT Semdegnairad unda CamovayaliboT.
mrwamsi aris individualuri da sulieri fsiqikis elementi, _ cod­nis, Sefasebis, grZnobebis, miznebisa da nebisyofis mzadyofnis organuli erTianoba, romlis maxasiaTebelic socialuri da bunebrivi sinamdvilis gansazRvrul mxareTa obieqturi asaxvaa, romelic socialuri subieqtis gonivruli moTxovnilebis prizmaSia gadamtydari, ramdenadac mrwamsis veqtori, rogorc am subieqtis qcevis motivi da aqtiuri cxovrebiseuli poziciis safuZveli, _ mimarTulia Signisaken, anu sakuTari sulisken. mrwamsi Zalaa.
am Zalas marTlac saswaulebis moxdena SeuZlia, rac moaxdina kidec kacobriobis genialurma nawilma. moaxdina CvenTan, TvistomebTan, Tana­medroveebTan, momaval TaobebTan komunikaciebis dauokebeli surviliT. rac RvTisnier sulSi Cndeba, mwifdeba, izrdeba, yvelafers moicavs, _ SemosazRvrulobaSi Tavsebadobas ver daeqvemdebareba, unda gadmo­if­rqves, mironi gvcxos, gangvwmindos da `Secnobis sixaruls~ gvaziaros.
yvelafris Tavi da Tavi mainc adamianuri mrwamsia.