Giorgi baRaTuria

literatura
References

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Giorgi Bagaturia
Management of Political and Economic Processes
– Similarity and Differences
Summary
Possibility of use of methods of business management in government has been proved still by Woodrow Wilson. Thus it is necessary to consider distinctive features of business management and the government. To the state posts of the top echelon often invite successful managers of business, believing, that they also can successfully operate state branches, as private enterprises (business). However without specific features of the government of business managers the disappointment and failure in the decision of concrete problems of the government waits.
Unlike spheres of business the government system is characterized by a number of specific features, these are legislative restrictions in the course of decision-making and their realization that does process of the government of less operative; set of factors influencing the government process, differing from set of business factors; rules of relations with the personnel; indistinct criteria of an estimation of the reached results, etc.
Administrative procedures in the state systems are strictly regulated by the legislation and statutory acts. The top-manager of business in interests of business can operatively make this or that decision and immediately it realizes. In this sense, he (or she) has the big power, than a member of the government in realization of the state decisions. The last demands long procedure of the coordination and realization that, from the point of view of the business manager, is an obstacle and slows down managerial process. But without corresponding regulating procedures realization of the state decisions for the state can appear harmful. Other distinctive feature is mutual relations with the personnel. It is difficult to stimulate the good worker in the state systems. On the other hand, civil servants are more protected from heads arbitrariness. In the democratic countries process of political management is limited also to time of an elective cycle – to the state manager difficult to be guided by the perspective purposes; it should receive real, tangible results in the given elective cycle.
Both business and the state system are multi factorial objects of management, however set of factors of business and the state various. The essential factors for business are the market, an economic condition of the country, the tax and customs legislation, the international economic situation etc. The essential factors for the government are the constitution, parliament, an executive power, judicial system, elective system, mass-media, trade unions, character of local government, the non-governmental organizations etc. The circumstance that the business manager well was guided in business is not a guarantee of that it automatically also it will be good to be guided in mutual relations of factors of the state system.
Efficiency of business management is easy for checking up balance financial and economic indicators. Unlike business in the state system there are no such accurate criteria of an estimation of results of activity, therefore there is a risk of switching from real affairs on a PR and self-advertisement.
Separate theme is mutual relations between the state and business. In the government there is a danger, both revaluations, and underestimations of recommendations of an economic science that leads to such administrative extreme measures as rigid, directive command managements or extreme liberalism when the national economy is completely given to the power of the free market, and the state role is limited only to a role of "the night watchman». Both these extreme measures lead economic and, as consequence, to political crises. As experience, the right economic dictatorship is more effective than the left economic dictatorship, however, considerably lags behind normal democracy. Though, as a rule, the right economic dictatorship in process of economic development gradually turns to the democratic country with normal liberal economic mutual relations.
Necessity of the state intervention for regulation of economy during crisis has theoretically proved J. Keynes. However are known the ironical relation to its ideas from great statesmen, its contemporaries - "If you put two economists in a room, you get two opinions, unless one of them is Lord Keynes, in which case you get three opinions." (Churchill), «It the mathematician, instead of political economist » (Roosevelt). Overcoming of crisis of 20-30th years has grown out of "The New Course» Roosevelt which in struggle against the congress of the USA political decisions smog keep sociopolitical stability of the country and stimulate economic revival.
Definition of degree of intervention of the state during an economic and social life of the country is one of the main indicators of effective state management. From this point of view US president F.D.Roosevelt was the real effective manager.
Thus, it is possible to tell, that in political management it is possible to use methods of business management taking into account specificity state structures. On the other hand, the effective state managers also can successful work in business management sphere, mainly, in problems of business-administration.