Giorgi baRaTuria

Ключевые слова: жизнь человека; свобода человека; идеал; должное; сущее; недолжное; несущее; нормативное; фактическое; аксическое; онтическое; соотношение должного и сущего; идеальное и реальное; Примат должного перед сущим; критерий сущего; должное как критерий сущего; критерий должного; ценность как критерий должного.
Рецензент – профессор Ломинадзе Сергей Георгиевич, Грузинский технический университет.
salome xizaniSvili
amboxisa da xelovnebis Tanafardoba
`xolo mSveniereba yvelaze
Znelia gmirisaTvis~ _ nicSe
(`ase ambobda zaratustra~)
frangi eqsistencialisti, alber kamiu, xelovnebaze, rogorc amboxis gansakuTebul formaze saubrobs. imdenad, ramdenadac xelovnebasTan mimarTebaSi mas amboxis fenomenis sazrisis dadgena surs da, rac aseve arsebiTia, misi mizezia mkafio gaxados azrovnebis gzebi, rac absurdul gons nihilizms daaZlevinebs. sxva eqsistencialistebis msgavsad, kamius mier am ideas emsaxureba maradiuli Temebis win wamoweva. iseTebis, rogo­ricaa: Tavisuflebis, samarTlianobis, Semoqmedebis, amboxis, zomierebisa da sxva.
kamius SemoqmedebaSi, amboxisa da xelovnebis Tanafardoba ori aspeqtiTaa niSandoblivi: pirveli, amboxi, Tavdapirveli aRtkinebiT, wminda mdgomareobiTa da samarTlianobis moTxovniT xelovnebaSi vlindeba; da meore: adamianuri arsebobis sazrisis gacnobierebisa da dadgenis gzaze xelovnebaSi gacxadebuli maradiuli Rirebulebebi utyuar mniSvnelobas inarCuneben.
`yovel amboxSi erTianobis metafizikuri moTxovna, misi miRwevis SeuZlebloba da Semcvleli samyaros Camoyalibebis saWiroeba xelaxla Cndeba. am azriT, amboxi samyaros Camomyalibebelia. es azri xelovnebasac gansazRvravs~ [1,3].
ra igulisxmeba kamius am azrSi? eqsistencalisti-filosofosi, pirvel rigSi, upirispirdeba Tvalsazriss, romlis mixedviT xelovneba sinamd­vi­lidan gaqcevaa, im azrze dayrdnobiT, rom amboxis msgavsad, xelovneba arsebuli samyaros uaryofaa. uaryofa im moTxovnebis pirobebiTa da uflebebiT, rac mas aklia. xelovnebaSi moqmedebas Wvreta awonasworebs, usamarTlobas _ mSveniereba. garda amisa, xelovneba bunebrivi uwesrigobis samyaroa, magram Tanxmobis, erTobis, erTianobis moTxovniT, rac gonebasac da gulsac Tanabrad swyuria; igi WeSmarit Rirebulebebzea mtkiceba, riTac mas xelewifeba win aRudges monobisa da usamarTlobis samyaros. aqedan gamomdinarea, rom xelovneba sinamdviles ekamaTeba, magram ar gaurbis. amaSia misi mizani da daniSnuleba. rac Seexeba Tavad xelovans, igi, mSvenierebis samyaros Sesaqmnelad sinamdviles uaryofs, magram garkveul­wilad. gamomdinare iqidan, rom xelovneba, amboxis msgavsad, erTdoulad `ho~-sac ambobs da `ara~-sac, cdilobs sazRvrebs daubrundes, amboxis saTaveebs, im zomiT, ra zomiTac SeZlebs forma mianiWos Rirebulebebs, maradiuli Camoyalibebis procesSi mouxelTebelni rom arian, magram dasa­naxi da sagrZnobia xelovanisaTvis. diax, xelovans evaleba da xelewifeba kidec isini istoriisgan gadamalos da maT Tavdapirveli sazrisi mianiWos. im imedis naTelyofiT, rom `...SesaZloa arsebobs cocxali trans­cendenturoba, romlis mSveniereba siyvarulsa da pativiscemas gvpirdeba, SemosazRvruli da ganqarvebadi samyaros yvela danarCen mxareTa mimarT~ [1,3]. SesaZlebelia, autaneli, magram mniSvnelobis mqone mxareTa mimarT, romelTac adamianuri saTnoeba hqvia saxelad.
eWvgareSea, adamianuri arseboba, istoria metadre damTrgunveli da winaaRmdegobrivia, magram yvelafris miuxedavad, meamboxe adamianis msgavsad, xelovani mas ar unda ganudges. piriqiT, masSi unda CaerTos da winaaRmdegobani gamoavlinos. xolo, miseul `gaqcevaSi~, romelic uaryofis igiveobrivi ar aris, moazrebuli unda iqnas realobiT sasowarkveTili hegeliseuli mSvenieri sulis ganmartoebisaken miswrafeba, romelic uqmnis iluziur samyaros, sadac mxolod morali mefobs.
`absurdis filosofosis~ TvalsazrisiT, sinamdvilidan `gaqcevaSi~ sxva winaaRmdegobebi iCens Tavs. xelovnebis saSualebiT, adamiani sakuTari arsebobis sazrisis wvdomas, sakuTari yofierebis mopovebasa da maradiulobaSi damkvidrebas cdilobs. amasTanave, im mizniT, rom sakuTar arsebobas forma mianiWos, gaaTvalsaCinoos sazRvrebi, sadac Tavs batonad igrZnobs, igi iswrafvis samyaroseuli erTianobisaken, rac banalur gaqcevaSi ki ar iRvreba, aramed moTxovnaTa SeupovrobaSi. da ai, aseTnairad xdeba adamianis faruli survilebis CarTva realur samyaroebSi. survi­lebisa, romlebic, rogorc adamianuri bediswera, bolomde unda ganxor­cieldes. am motiviT ezidebian martoobaSi msoflmxedvelobriv tvirTs romanis gmirebi da ucnauri siamayiT ganicdian wuTisofelSi adamianur xvedrs.
xelovani Taviseburad aSuqebs sinamdviles, mxolod miseuli axsnebiT, da aseTnairad amtkicebs uaryofis sakuTar Zalas, xolo is, rac misi Semoqmedebis saxiT gansxeuldeba, mis Tanxmobas adasturebs realobis im nawilTan, wyvdiadSi sinaTlis anareklad rom moCans; naTelyofs Rire­bulebas, Camoyalibebis procesSi mkrTalad rom SeiniSneba.
maS, ra SemTxvevaSi aqvs adgili `gaqcevas~ da e.i. srul uaryofas _ formalistur an realistur xelovnebaSi. kamius mtkicebiT, xelovnebis orive forma ukiduresobaa. rogorc erTi, ise meore, uxeSi sinamdviliT arian gajerebulni da srul uaryofas an srul mtkicebas emyarebian. arcerTi maTgani ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos SemoqmedebiTi procesis realur Sedegebad. vinaidan, maTSi WeSmariti, xelovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli erTianoba ar Cans, erTianoba realurisa da idealurisa, arsiseulisa da jerarsiseulisa. eqsistencialisti-filosofosi darwmunebulia, rom WeSma­riti xelovneba civilizaciasTan, maRal kulturasTan mxolod maSinaa Sesa­ba­misobaSi, roca jansaR sawyisze dadis winaaRmdegoba formasa da materias, Camoyalibebis processa da mis suls, istoriasa da Rirebulebas Soris. xolo winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, roca wonasworoba irRveva, xelovneba nihilizmamde dadis, degradirebul formebamde, sadac anarqia, diqtatura, propaganda da formalizmi batonobs. am viTarebaTa gamoa, rom Tanamedrove xelovneba, kamius azriT, gadaiqca mkeTeblis saqmianobad, damkveTis saqmed, romelic moeqca saxelmwifo ideologiis samsaxurSi.
WeSmariti xelovneba stilis moTxovnaa; xelovani realobas formas stiliT aZlevs, stilis moTxovniT; igi sinamdviles msubuqi gardasaxviTÿiZulebis gareSe, SemoqmedebiTad gardaqmnis. swored im niSniT, rac WeSma­riti xelovnebisaTvis da amboxisaTvis arsebiTia. `genia amboxia, sazRvrebs rom awesebs~ [1,3].
kamiu amboxisa da Semoqmedebis Tanafardobis garkvevisas, yuradRebas amaxvilebs kidev erT umniSvnelovanes detalze. esaa Tanamedrove samyaroSi gawonasworebuli SemoqmedebiTi procesis arsebobis SesaZleblobis sakiTxi. viTareba, roca koleqtiuri vnebebi mTel samyaros danTqmas uqadis. aseT SemTxvevaSi gamoricxuli araa goni totalurobam Seipyros. gamomdinare iqidan, rom vnebebisadmi morCileba mospobaze adamianis did darwmu­nebulobas Seicavs, matulobs gancda, roca xelovnebis kraxis garduvaloba damajerebeli xdeba. xolo imisaTvis, rom Tanamedrove xelovnebam Tavidan aicilos es winaaRmdegoba, totaluri amboxis msgavsad, dampyroblis rolze uari unda Tqvas. ufro mtkice erTianobis moTxovniT, totalurobis winaaRmdeg unda ibrZolos. eqsistencialisti-filosofosi gvarwmunebs, rom brZola ar iqneba ioli, magram epoqalur bediswerasTan Widili auci­le­belia im imediT, rom xelovneba mozeime amboxis saxeliT kuTvnil adgils daibrunebs. magram Tuki maincdamainc jojoxeTisken gadavixrebiT, iqac saidumlo melodiebisa da gardasul mSvenierebaTa saxeebSi, ugonobis miuxedavad, kvlav moaRwevs xma amboxis mSfoTvare harmoniisa, saukuneTa manZilze mudamJams adamianis sidiades rom amowmebs.