Fundamentals of Management, 8th ed



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Part 4: Leading

Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).

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or listen to music. Sometimes sleep may even supply the needed pause. Bruce Roth even-

tually joined Warner-Lambert, an up-and-coming drug company, to help develop a new

medication to lower cholesterol. In his spare time, Roth read mystery novels and hiked

in the mountains. He later acknowledged that this was when he did his best thinking.

Similarly, Jeff Bezos, founder and CEO of Amazon.com, sets aside at least one day a

week with no scheduled appointments or meetings and uses this time to allow ideas to

incubate.

Insight

Usually occurring after preparation and incubation, insight is a spontaneous

breakthrough in which the creative person achieves a new understanding of some prob-

lem or situation. Insight represents a coming together of all the scattered thoughts and

ideas that were maturing during incubation. It may occur suddenly or develop slowly

over time. Insight can be triggered by some external event, such as a new experience or

an encounter with new data, which forces the individual to think about old issues and

problems in new ways, or it can be a completely internal event in which patterns of

thought finally coalesce in ways that generate new understanding. One day, Bruce Roth

was reviewing results from statistical analyses from some earlier studies that had found

the new medication under development to be no more effective than other drugs already

available. But Roth recognized that there were better ways to analyze the data using dif-

ferent statistical methods. When he reanalyzed the data using the more appropriate

methods, he found some significant statistical relationships that had not been identified

previously. He knew then that he had a major breakthrough on his hands.

Verification

Once an insight has occurred, verification determines the validity

or truthfulness of the insight. For many creative ideas, verification includes scientific

experiments to determine whether the insight actually leads to the results expected.

Verification may also include the development of a

product or service prototype. A prototype is one

product or a very small number of products built

just to see if the ideas behind this new product actu-

ally work. Product prototypes are rarely sold to the

public but are very valuable in verifying the insights

developed in the creative process. Once the new

product or service is developed, verification in the

marketplace is the ultimate test of the creative idea

behind it. Bruce Roth and his colleagues set to

work testing the new drug compound and eventually

won FDA approval. The drug, named Lipitor, is

already the largest-selling pharmaceutical in history.

And Pfizer, the firm that bought Warner-Lambert in

a hostile takeover, is expected to earn more than $10

billion a year on the drug.

45


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